Fisiologi Nervus Kranialis

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DEPARTEMEN FISIOLOGI FK USU

DR.NURAIZA MEUTIA, M.BIOMED
DR.EKA ROINA MEGAWATI,M.KES
Tujuan Pembelajaran
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1.Menjelaskan pembagian dan fungsi sistem saraf

perifer.

2.Menjelaskan struktur dan fungsi 12 pasang

nervus kranialis.
 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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• PNS : all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord

• Includes :
– sensory receptors
– peripheral nerves
– associated ganglia
– and motor endings

Provides links to and from the external environment

Functional classification of Peripheral Nervous System

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 Efferent (Motor) Division of PNS
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 Communication link by which CNS controls activities of
muscles and glands

 Two divisions :
 Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
 Involuntary branch of PNS
 Innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, most
exocrine glands, some endocrine glands, and adipose
tissue
 Somatic nervous system

 Subject to voluntary control

 Innervates skeletal muscle
 Peripheral Nerves
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 Are mixed nerves : carry somatic and autonomic (visceral)

impulses

 The types of mixed nerves are:

 Somatic afferent and somatic efferent
 Visceral afferent and visceral efferent

Peripheral nerves originate from the brain

or spinal column
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 Spinal Nerves
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Thirty-one pairs of mixed

(sensory and motor
functions) nerves...

arise from the spinal cord

and supply all parts of the

body except the head

Figure 13.6
The Cranial Nerves
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 Cranial Nerves
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 Have sensory, motor, or both sensory and motor

functions

 Each nerve is identified by a number (I through XII)

and a name

 Four cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers that

serve muscles and glands
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Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Cranial Nerve II: Optic

Functions solely by
carrying afferent impulses Functions solely by
for the sense of smell carrying afferent impulses
(special sense) for vision (special senses)
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Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear

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2
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Functions : raising the

eyelid, directing the eyeball Primarily a motor nerve
(4 muscles)....somatic
constricting the iris, and that directs the eyeball
controlling lens shape
(autonomic) (somatic)

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 Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal

• Composed of three divisions

• Conveys sensory impulses from various areas of the face
(V1) and (V2), and supplies motor fibers (V3) for
mastication......(general senses and somatic motor) 14
 Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens

Primarily a motor nerve innervating the

lateral rectus muscle
(somatic)

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Cranial Nerves Controlling the Extra-ocular Muscles

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 Cranial Nerve VII: Facial
• Motor functions include facial expression , and the
transmittal of autonomic impulses to lacrimal and
salivary glands ...motoric somatic & autonomic
• Sensory function is taste from the anterior two-thirds
of the tongue (special senses)

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 The Facial Nerve

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 Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear
• Two divisions : cochlear (hearing) and vestibular
(balance)
• Functions are solely sensory : equilibrium and
hearing ...special senses

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 Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal
• Motor : innervates part of the tongue and pharynx, and
provides motor fibers to the parotid salivary gland
(motoric somatic & autonomic)
• Sensory : fibers conduct taste from the posterior one-
thirds of the tongue, and general sensory impulses
from the tongue and pharynx (special & general senses)

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 Cranial Nerve X: Vagus
• The only cranial nerve that
extends beyond the head
and neck
• The vagus is a mixed nerve
• Most motor fibers are
parasympathetic fibers to
the heart, lungs, and
visceral organs
• Its sensory function convey
various information from
inervated organs. 21
 Cranial Nerve XI: Accessory
• Primarily a motor nerve
– Supplies fibers to the
larynx, pharynx, and soft
palate
– Innervates the trapezius
and sternocleidomastoid,
which move the head
and neck

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 Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal

• Innervates both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

of the tongue, which contribute to swallowing
and speech (motoric)

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Summary of Function of Cranial Nerves

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 TERIMA KASIH
Referensi :
• Frederic H. Martini. Fundamentals of Anatomy &
Physiology.5th Ed. Prentice-Hall. 2001. pp :399-400,
• Elaine N.Marieb. Human Anatomy and Physiology. 6th Ed.
Benjamin Cumming. 2004.

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