Ideal Gas

Laws
Boyle . Charles. Gay-Lussac . Avogadro .
Combined Gas . Ideal Gas

prepared
Renz by:
C.
BSE-
Ferrer
PSU-
IVPhysicalScience
BC
Boyle’s
Law
Robert Boyle
(1627–1691)
 Robert
Boyle
J-Tube Experiment 16th
Century
 Boyle’s Law PV = k
The pressure and
volume of an ideal gas are
inversely proportional so V₁P₁ =
long as its temperature
and mass remain constant. V₂P₂
Boyle’s
Law
on our Daily
Experiences
Syringe
Soda
Cans
Diving
The BENDS in
diving
 Problem
Solving

A balloon contains 7.2 L of He. The pressure

is reduced to 2.00 atm and the balloon expands
to occupy a volume of 25.1 L. What was the
initial pressure exerted on the balloon?
 Problem
Solving

A gas tank holds 2785 L of propane, C3H8, at

830. mm Hg. What is the volume of the
propane at standard pressure?
 Problem
Solving

A container holds 500. mL of CO2 at 20.° C and

742 torr. What will be the volume of the CO2
if the pressure is increased to 795 torr?
Charles
law
Jacques Charles
(1746–1823)
Jacques
Charles
 at
Charles’ Law
constant pressure,
V/T=
the volume of an ideal gas K
is directly proportional
to its absolute V₁/T₁ =
temperature.. V₂/T₂
 Hot air
balloon
Turkey
time
Dented
Ping
pong
ball
 Problem
Solving

A container holds 50.0 mL of nitrogen at 25° C

and a pressure of 736 mm Hg. What will be its
volume if the temperature increases by 35° C?
 Problem
Solving

A sample of oxygen occupies a volume of 160

dm³ at 91° C. What will be volume of oxygen
when the temperature drops to 0.00° C?
 Problem
Solving

A sample of hydrogen has an initial

temperature of 50.° C. When the temperature
is lowered to -5.0° C, the volume of hydrogen
becomes 212 cm³. What was the initial volume
of the hydrogen in dm³?
 Gay-
Lussac’s
Law
Joseph Louis Gay-
Lussac
(1746–1823)
 Gay-Lussac’s Law P/T=
the temperature and
pressure of an ideal gas K
are directly proportional
as long as its volume and P₁/T₁ =
mass remain constant. P₂/T₂
 Problem
Solving

A certain light bulb containing argon has a

pressure of 1.20 atm at 18 ° C. If it will be
heated to 85 ° C at constant volume, what will
be the resulting pressure?
 Problem
Solving

At 20 ° C a confined ammonia gas has a

pressure of 2.50atm. At what temperature would
its pressure be equal to 760 mmHg?
 Problem
Solving

The helium tank has a pressure of 650 torr at

25 ° C. What will be the pressure if the
temperature is tripled?
Combined
gas Law
Boyle. Charles.
Gay-Lussac
 Combined Gas Law PV/T
the pressure and volume of
an ideal gas are inversely
proportional to each other,
= K
but are both directly P₁V ₁ /T₁ = P₂
proportional to the V₂ /T₂
temperature of that gas.
 Problem
Solving

The oxygen tank manufacturer used to produce

5.0 L oxygen tanks at 2000 psi and 25 ° C.
Statistics suggests that the 3.0 L oxygen tank
at 1500 psi is more marketable. What
temperature requirement if needed to produce a
3 L oxygen tank at 1500 psi?
 Problem
Solving

Helium gas has a volume of 250 mL at 0 ° C at

1 atm. What will be the final pressure if the
volume is reduced to 100 mL at 45 ° C?
 Problem
Solving

The volume of a gas at 27 ° C and 700.0 mmHg

is 600.0 mL. What is the volume of the gas at
-20.0 ° C and 500.0 mmHg?
 Problem
Solving

A 2.5 L of nitrogen gas exerts a pressure of

760 mmHg at 473 K. What temperature is needed
to reduce the volume to 1.75 L at 1140 torr?
Avogadro’s
Law
Amadeo Avogadro
1776 to 1856
 Avogadro’s
the Law
volume of a gas is
V/ n
directly proportional to = K
the number of moles of gas
present at a given V ₁ / n ₁ = V₂ /
temperature and pressure. n₂
 Problem
Solving

What will be the final volume of a 5.00L He

gas which contains 0.965 mole of 30 ° C and 1
atm, if the amount of this gas is increased to
1.80 moles provided that temperature and
pressure remains unchanged?
 Problem
Solving

A 7.25 L sample of nitrogen gas is determined

to contain 0.75 mole of nitrogen. How many
moles of nitrogen gas would there be in a 20 L
sample provided the temperature and pressure
remains the same.
 Problem
Solving
Consider the
following
chemical
2NO₂ N₂O₄
equation: (g)
(g) ------->

If 50.0 mL of NO₂ is completely converted to

N₂O₄ gas, under the same conditions, what
volume will the N₂O₄ occupy?
Ideal gas law
 Ideal Gas
PV=
The Equation
nRT
generalizationof all P = pressure
the gas laws. V = volume
n = no. of moles
R = universal gas
constant
( 0.0821 L atm /
molK)
T = absolute
temperature.
 Problem
Solving

What is the volume of a container that can

hold 0.50 mole of gas at 25.0 ° C and 1.25
atm?
 Problem
Solving

Calculate the pressure exerted by a o.25 mole

sulfur hexafluoride in a steel vessel having a
capacity of 1250 mL at 70.0 ° C?
 Problem
Solving

Fermentation of glucose produce gas in the

form of carbon dioxide, how many moles of
carbon dioxide is produced if 0.78 L of carbon
dioxide at 20.1° C and 1.00 atm was collected
during the process?
 Problem
Solving

A sample of liquid acetone is placed in a 25.0

mL flask and vaporized by heating to 75 ° C at
1.02 atm. The vapor weighs 5.87 g. Calculate
the number of moles of the acetone.