Class No.

Web Technology

Batches:

M.Tech. 2nd Semester

B.Tech 6th Semester

MCA 4th Semester

Mr. Debojit Boro

Assistant Professor,Tezpur University,Napaam,Tezpur-784028
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 Topics for today

 Basics of Internet

Mr. Debojit Boro

Assistant Professor,Tezpur University,Napaam,Tezpur-784028 2
 What is Internet?

 Worldwide system of computer networks-network of

networks

 Connected by the telecommunication lines like fibre

optics and broadband

 No ownership, accessible and modifiable

Mr. Debojit Boro 3

Assistant Professor,Tezpur University,Napaam,Tezpur-784028
 History of Internet
 Birth of Internet

 Funded by the US government to Advanced Research

Projects Agency (ARPA) in 1957

 1969-ARPA established ARPANET, the forerunner of Internet

 ARPANET used by only Scientist, Researcher and Military

 Connected to only major computers in University of California

at Los Angeles, the University of California at Santa Barbara,
Stanford Research Institute, and the University of Utah

Mr. Debojit Boro

Assistant Professor,Tezpur University,Napaam,Tezpur-784028 4
 Limitations of Internet
 Textual Based

 Used command lines computer interaction

 Not Graphical User Friendly

World Wide Web inspired by the Internet

Mr. Debojit Boro 5

Assistant Professor,Tezpur University,Napaam,Tezpur-784028
Birth of the World Wide Web
 In 1991 by developer Tim Berners-Lee and others at the
European Laboratory for Particle Physics, also known as Conseil
European pour la Recherche Nucleure(CERN)

 Protocol based on Hypertext in Web

 Web browsing software

 Internet limited to noncommercial users as its backbone was

provided by NSF,NASA and US DoE and funded by US
government.
 1992, Delphi provided full access
 June 1993, Web boasted just 130 web sites and by 1998, the
number to rose to more than 2.2 million

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 But what is Hypertext ?

Text that contains links to other text

URL’s and Domains

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The Anatomy of URL

A URL signifies the full,unique path of any file in the Internet.

For e.g. http://www.yahoo.com/index

Or www.yahoo.com/index

http://www.yahoo.com/index

Protocol to be used Domain Name Document/file name

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 Web Browser working Mechanism

Web Browser 1. Web Browser Web Server

requests for the file at yahoo.com
www.yahoo.com/index

2. Web Server sends the

file www.yahoo.com/index

3. Web Browser
interprets the
file and displays
Internet
its content on
screen
Index File

Interaction between a Web Browser and a Web Server

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Working steps of Web Browser

 1. User types the full file name

 2. The Browser requests DNS for the IP address corresponding
to www.yahoo.com/index
 3.DNS replies with the IP address eg 120.10.23.21
 4. Browser makes a TCP connection with the server
 5. The client makes a explicit HTTP request for the Web Page
to the Web Server using HTTP
 GET
 HTTP
 HOST

 GET/ index/htm
 HOST: yahoo.com

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 The request is handed over to the HTTP software running on
client machine
 HTTP software (HTTP request) - > TCP/IP software
 TCP/IP software breaks the HTTP requests into packets and
sends to the Web server
 TCP/IP software in the Web server reassembles packets
 TCP/IP software (HTTP request) - > HTTP software
 HTTP software in the server interprets HTTP requests
 OS retrieves the file index.htm and gives to HTTP software
 HTTP software forms HTTP response by adding some headers
 HTTP software (HTTP response) - > TCP/IP software
 TCP/IP software breaks HTTP response into packets
 TCP/IP software on client reassembles those packets

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 TCP/IP software in the client informs the HTTP software in the
server that the Web Page has been received correctly
 Knowing this, HTTP software terminates the TCP connection

HTTP -> Stateless protocol

*TCP connection is opened for every page

TCP/IP software in the client hands over the web page to the Web
Browser

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HTTP commands

HTTP Command Description

GET Request for obtaining a Web Page

HEAD Request to read the header of a Web Page
PUT Request the server to store a Web Page
POST Similar to PUT, but is used for updating a Web Page
DELETE Remove a Web Page
LINK Connect to resources
UNLINK Disconnect two resources

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IP Addresses
 Why the IP address are needed?

A Network 2
Network 1

A in Network 1: 160.80.40.20
A in Network 2: 162.81.40.20

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Classes of IP Address

Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4

0 Network Host Number A

1 0 Network Number Host Number B

1 1 0 Network Number Host Number C

1 1 1 0 Multicast Address D

1 1 1 1 0 Reserved for future use E

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How to identify the class,network number and the host
number?

 Eg. IP address 160.80.40.20

In bits

10100000 01010000 00101000 00010100

160 80 40 20

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Result: 8272 (nn)
10260(hn)

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