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Presentation On Logic1
Presentation On Logic1
and
Symbols
At the end of the lesson, the students must be
able to:
illustrate proposition;
distinguish between simple and compound
proposition ;
symbolize propositions; and
perform the different types of operations on
propositions.
“logos” = word, reason or principle
Logic – science of correct reasoning.
! Systematized
! Evokes ORDER
What does Logic put into order?
What logic puts in order is the
way we reason out.
b.
Thus, another solution to part (c) of Example 5
is "Robin cannot swim and Tom cannot play
the guitar."
a. (w ∨ u) ∧ l
b. w ∨ (u ∧ l)
Write the negation of each statement.
Solution
The statement, “I will clean the kitchen or I
will clean the bathroom” is the required
disjunction. It will be false only if both
components are false and will be true
otherwise.
If P is a simple proposition, then P is either true
or false but not both. That is, if P is a true
statement, then its truth value is true and if P
is
false, then its truth value is false
p ~p
T F
F T
Construct a truth table of
a. ~(P ∧ Q) b. ~(P ∨ Q) c. ~(P ∧ ~Q)
Solution
a. ~(P ∧ Q)
P Q P∧Q ~(P ∧ Q)
T T T F
T F F T
F T F T
F F F T
b. ~(P ∨ Q)
P Q P∨Q ~(P ∨ Q)
T T T F
T F T F
F T T F
F F F T
c. ~(P ∧ ~Q)
P Q ~Q P∧ ~Q (P ∧ ~Q)
T T F F T
T F T T F
F T F F T
F F T F T
1 2 3 4 5
Ifp, then q
Symbols: p → q
p is the antecedent, q is
the consequent
p q p→q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
Direct
statement p→q If p, then q
If p, q q is necessary for p
p only if q q if p
Find the truth value of each statement.
a. If 3 + 3 = 9, then 33 = 6.
b. If 3 + 3 = 6, then 12 = 7.
c. If 5 is a whole number, then 7 is a real
number.
a. Let P represent “3 + 3 = 9,” and Q represent
“33 = 6.” Since 3 + 3 = 9 is false and 33 = 6
is false, then P → Q is true.
b. Let P represent “3 + 3 = 6,” and Q represent
“12 = 7.” Since 3 + 3 = 6 is true and 12 = 7
is false, then P→Q is false.
c. Let P represent “5 is a whole number,” and Q
represent “7 is a real number.” Since
“5 is a whole number” is true and “7 is a real
number” is true, then P→Q is true
True or False.
1. A conditional (→) is true in all cases except
when the antecedent is true and the
consequent is false.
2. A conjunction (∨) is only true when both
components are false.
3. A disjunction (∧) is true unless both
components are true.
4. A biconditional (↔) is true when both
components have the same truth value.
5. A negation (~) changes the value of the
statement to its opposite.
Construct a truth table for each statement.
1. ~(P ∨ Q) 6. P ∨ Q ~Q
2. ~(~P ∧ ~Q) 7. ~P ∧ ~Q ~(P ∧ Q)
3. P ∧ ~Q 8. P Q ∧ R
4. ~P ∨ ~Q 9. (P ∨ ~Q) (P Q)
5. Q ∨ (~P ∧ Q) 10. (P ~Q) ∨ (~P ∨ Q)