Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prehistoric - Unit 1
Prehistoric - Unit 1
PRIMARY OCCUPATION
HUNTERS, GATHERERS, COLLECTORS -------------------- Farmers after the Agricultural
Revolution
PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE OF EUROPE
PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE OF EUROPE
AGE TYPOLOGY FORMS EXAMPLE PLACE
1. PALEOLITHIC DWELLINGS HUT TERRA AMATA FRANCE
MOLODOVA UKRAINE
DOLNI VESTONICE CZECH
LEAN TO LE LAZARET FRANCE
TENT MOLODOVA UKRAINE
PIT HOUSE RUSSIA
2. MESOLITHIC DWELLINGS HUT LEPINSKI VIR YUGOSLAVIA
PIT HOUSE CZECH, UKR
3. NEOLITHIC DWELLINGS TIMBER GREECE
DRYSTONE SKARA BRAE ORKNEYISLANDS
TOMBS “ “
TEMPLES TREFOIL PLAN GGANTIJA MALTA
HENGE ENGLAND
4. BRONZE AGE DWELLINGS
TOMBS, TEMPLES
FORTS, TOWERS
PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE OF EUROPE
OLD STONE AGE
Hut - TERRA AMATA – FRANCE 400,000 BC
• Size of hut 8m x 4m
•The dwellings consisted of small poles supported by
rocks for walls and larger poles in the center to support
the roof
•The hut included a hearth, or fireplace and was made by
bracing branches with a circle of large and small stones.
•The area around the hearth was clear of debris and was
probably used for sleeping.
•The inside was dug out and the structure was built-up
from mammoth bones.
•This structure was made by connecting two tents, each with its
own hearth.
•Each house shares the same basic design- a large square room
with a central fireplace, a bed on either side and a shelved
dresser on the wall opposite the doorway.
•Corbelled roofs
•Beds of stone slabs with stone posts carrying a canopy of skins and mattress of
heather
•Shelves fastened to the wall
•This one is from Sarlat, France and is about 7000 years old.
•Open air ceremonial structure
•First buildings appeared with settled communities such as the Natufian Culture from
the Southern Turkey to the Nile delta
•End of this period saw the beginning of small independent city states ruled by
councils, and assemblies emerged in Mesopotamia
PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE - EGYPT & WEST ASIA
LEVANT - JERICHO 8350 - 7350
Jericho is perhaps one of the most interesting archaeological sites in Palestine. Most people's
familiarity with Jericho comes from the book of Joshua in the Old Testament. According to the Bible,
the Israelites fleeing from Egypt destroyed the ancient city under mysterious circumstances. At the
time, Jericho was supposedly surrounded by a formidable stone wall and should have been able to
withstand attack. If the Old Testament story is accurate however, the walls came tumbling
down.The ancient city of Jericho is located about 2km from the modern city of Jericho.
Evolved from the dry stone tradition, but built of loaf shaped
mud bricks
•A collapsed flat roof of one building found recently indicates that not
all roofs were dome shaped as was originally believed.
•The internal divisions of each hut were according to the purpose of
its usage.
•Low walls, platforms designated work, rest or storage areas. They
had hearths used for cooking and heating, benches and windows and
in many cases there is evidence of piers to support an upper floor. It
is believed that the huts were like rooms several of which were
grouped around an open courtyard and together formed the home.
•The population of the village at any one time is thought not to have
exceeded 300 to 600 inhabitants
PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE - EGYPT & WEST ASIA
ANATOLIA - CATAL HUYUK 6250 - 5400
•Domestication of animals
•Population of 150
•Rectangular sanctuary
•Temple raised on platform
•Mud brick wall, heavily buttressed