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    Seismic Waves and Earthquake Location: Walter D. Mooney US Geological Survey California Mooney at Usgs - Gov

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    This document discusses seismic waves and earthquake location. It defines different types of seismic waves like P and S waves, and their velocities. It describes methods to locate earthquakes both manually using travel time curves and computationally using data from multiple seismic stations. It discusses challenges in precise location due to factors like earthquakes occurring outside the station array. It also introduces different relocation techniques like double-difference methods and provides examples of their application in Northeast India.

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    Seismic Waves and Earthquake Location: Walter D. Mooney US Geological Survey California Mooney at Usgs - Gov

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    gilangkantata
    20 views28 pages
    This document discusses seismic waves and earthquake location. It defines different types of seismic waves like P and S waves, and their velocities. It describes methods to locate earthquakes both manually using travel time curves and computationally using data from multiple seismic stations. It discusses challenges in precise location due to factors like earthquakes occurring outside the station array. It also introduces different relocation techniques like double-difference methods and provides examples of their application in Northeast India.

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    This document discusses seismic waves and earthquake location. It defines different types of seismic waves like P and S waves, and their velocities. It describes methods to locate earthquakes both manually using travel time curves and computationally using data from multiple seismic stations. It discusses challenges in precise location due to factors like earthquakes occurring outside the station array. It also introduces different relocation techniques like double-difference methods and provides examples of their application in Northeast India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views28 pages

    Seismic Waves and Earthquake Location: Walter D. Mooney US Geological Survey California Mooney at Usgs - Gov

    Uploaded by

    gilangkantata
    This document discusses seismic waves and earthquake location. It defines different types of seismic waves like P and S waves, and their velocities. It describes methods to locate earthquakes both manually using travel time curves and computationally using data from multiple seismic stations. It discusses challenges in precise location due to factors like earthquakes occurring outside the station array. It also introduces different relocation techniques like double-difference methods and provides examples of their application in Northeast India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 28

    Seismic Waves

    and
    Earthquake Location

    Walter D. Mooney
    US Geological Survey
    California
    Mooney @ usgs.gov
    Wave propagation animation
    Seismogram showing different phases
    SEISMIC WAVE VELOCITY

    Body Waves
    1
       2  2
    P-wave Vp   
      
    1 Vp ~ √3 Vs.
     2
    S-wave Vs   
    
    Surface Waves

    Love Wave V S1 < VL< V S2

    Rayleigh Wave VR < 0.92 VS


    Conversion of Seismic Phases at Rock Boundaries

    Sini V1

    Sinr2 V2
    Seismogram showing converted phases

    P*
    Pg
    Pn
    Magnetic Tape Record Analog Record
    Analog Telemetric Film Record
    Major Discontinuities of the Earth
    Teleseismic Analog record
    Digital Record of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake Mw 9.3
    T-phase of the Largest Aftershock of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake Recorded at the VISK Station, India
    Travel Time Curves
    1030

    1430

    1030 1430
    EARTHQUAKE LOCATION

    Manual Method for Location

    Computational Methods for Location

    Single-station Location

    Multi-station Location

    Computer Programs for Location

    HYPO 71

    SEISAN
    Manual Method
    EPICENTRE X SEISMOGRAPH
    STATION

    H  1 1 
    D Ts  T p  D  
    V Vp 
     s 

    D  8 Ts  Tp 
    *
    HYPOCENTRE B

    CHAPTER 3 FIG. 28 a
    * EPICENTRE

    C
    D
    SEISMIC STATION
    Computational Method
    Input data: P & S Arrival Data
    Station Coordinates
    Station Correction
    P-wave Velocity Model
    Vp/Vs
    Maximum Amplitude
    Signal Duration

    Computation :
    Geiger's (1912) method of least squares Technique
    N

    R
    2
    Ri = i - t i i 1
    i
    RMS 
    N 1
    STATION CORRECTION
    3-Component Seismograms of an aftershock of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake
    Wadati Plot

    Vp/Vs = 1.73
    Limitations in Precise Location:

    (b) Earthqauke occurs outside the Array

    CHAPTER 3 FIG. 35
    Note: At least one S-phase is required to
    control the Hypocentre location
    (a) Earthquake occurs in a Circular Array
    Multiple Minima Problem

    0
    III

    50
    II
    DEPTH ( KM )

    100

    I
    150

    200
    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

    RMS ( SEC )
    EARTHQUAKE RELOCATION

     Master Event Method

     Average Residual Method

     Homogeneous Station Method

     Double-Difference (DD) Method


    drkij  (t ki  t kj ) obs  (t ki  t kj ) cal

     Joint Hypocentre Method

    rij = tij – (ij + Si)


    Tectonic Map of Northeast India

    Kayal et al., 2006


    Fault Plane Solutions of Earthquakes, Northeast India

    Kayal et al., 2006


    Pop Up Tectonics : Shillong Plateau

    Bilham & England, 2001

    Kayal et al., 2006


    THANK YOU

    Fremantle, Perth

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