REGIONAL SECURITY

PREPARED BY: KERRIA ILEX ADVINCULA

SECURITY ALLIANCE

• The Rio Pact (1947), is the first U.S.-based alliance of the postwar era.
• The Rio Pact declares that an armed attack against any American state is an
attack on all American States.
• The Rio Pact permits armed force against aggression that does not take the
form of an armed attack.
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

• U.S. Military pact with Australian and New Zealand (1951). It provides the
reginal security architecture for Australia and New Zealand. It commits the
parties to mutual security and calls for extensive joint training oppurtunities.

• U.S.-Japanesse Security Treaty (1951) formally leases military bases to the

United States and allows the U.S. Naval fleet docking rights.
• The NATO alliance has been seen as the most important and most successful in
keeping the regional peace.
FLAG OF NATO
NATO MEMBERS
• Belgium ● Bulgaria ● Canada
• Czech Repblic ● Denmark ● Estonia
• France ● Germany ● Greece
• Hungary ● Iceland ● Italy
• Latvia ● Lithuania ● Luxembourg
• Netherlands ● Norway ● Poland
• Portugal ● Romania ● Slovakia
• Slovenia ● Spain ● Turkey
• United Kingdo ● United States
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

• A Military Alliance
• Created on April 4, 1949, and its stated purpose was to safeguard the
security and freedom of its members.
• NATO was designed to provide immediate security to Western Europe in the
face of that territorial and ideological threat.
REALIST CUT
• Realist oppose NATO expansion for four interrelated reasons:
• The raison d’être for NATO no longer exists; thus expansion serves only to
facilitate NATO’s inevitable decline.
• The expansion of NATO stretches U.S. Security commitments so far that they
are not credible; hence, they are dangerous.
• The Rational states do not commit themselves and their resources to
rhetorical goals.
• The expansion of NATO effectively transforms it from a traditional alliance
to a collective security arrangement.
LIBERAL CUT
• NATO expansion provides the best opportunity for stability in post-Cold War
Europe.
• Economic integration is fostered by expanding markets, creating complex web of
social and political as well as economic ties.
• The requirements of NATO membership promote the peaceful settlement of disputes.
• NATO is part of a vast array of actors comprising the security regime in Europe
(Duffield 1994b).
• NATO expansion can help promote economic and political reforms within new
member states.
MARXIST CUT

• For Marxists, the formation of NATO after world war II is better understood as
the establishment of a capitalist economic empire in Europe,not as the result of
the power vacuum in Europe.
• The United States and its allies wanted to impose a liberal word order where
they and their firms would dominate "free" markets.
FEMINIST CUT

• Many essentialist feminists oppose the expansion of NATO for its involvement
in military institution thus making it a musculine structure.
FLAG OF THE ARAB LEAGUE
ARAB LEAGUE MEMBERS
• Algeria ● Bahrain ● Comoros
• Djibouti ● Egypt ● Iraq
• Jordan ● Kuwait ● Lebanon
• Libya ● Mauritania ● Morocco
• Oman ● Palestine ● Qatar
• Saudi Arabia ● Somalia ● Sudan
• Syria ● Tunisia ● United Arab Emirates
• Yemen
THE ARAB LEAGUE
• The Arab League is designed to foster international cooperation among
Arab-speaking states, promote Arab solidarity, and provide a collective
security arrangement for the region.
• Organs of the Arab league:
• The Council
• The Joint Defense Council
• The Economic Council
• The General Secretariat
REALIST CUT

• The Arab League represents a diverse group of states that has rarely spoken
with one voice.
• Atab states are influenced mainly by their interests.
 LIBERAL CUT

• An important institution of regional cooperation in the volatile Middle East.

• It functions as a forum for debate where members with diverse backgrounds can air
their concerns and grievances.
• It works closely with the UN and NGOs to ptovide humanitarian assistance to
Palestinian people
• The League is respectful of other peace efforts and avoids measures that may
undermine them.
MARXIST CUT

• Marxist respond that the Arab League must be understood in the context of
European Imperialism and U.S. Neo-impericalism in the Middle East.
FEMINIST CUT

• Feminists views the Arab League as a masculine instituion characterized by

the almost complete exclusion of woman from decision-making process.
• The only prominent woman represented in the League was Hanan Ashwari.
Fin.