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Theory Slides-3
Theory Slides-3
SIDPP
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0 Stabilisation
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
minutes
What Effects Shut in Pressures
What Effects Shut in Pressures
Pressure stabilisation
How long for shut in pressure
to stabilise? FAST
900 700
Pressure
PSI PSI
Time
Pressure
Time
Shut in Horizontal well
Influx
Height {
Influx
Height {
Influx
Height {
Shut In Pressures - Gas
in Horizontal Section
Casing
Drillpipe
Influx
Height {
Shut In Pressures- Gas
in Vertical Section
Casing
Drillpipe
Influx
Height
Gas migration
• Gas is lighter than the mud and
will try to migrate up the hole.
• The speed of migration will
depend on;
– mud properties- weight and viscosity
– hole angle
• The gas cannot expand so will
carry Formation Pressure upwards
causing ;
SICP to increase
BHP to increase
SIDPP to increase (if no Float)
How Can You See Gas migration
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0
Time
How Can You See Gas migration
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600 Stabilisation
400
200
0
Time
How Can You See Gas migration
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0
Time
How Can You See Gas migration
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0
Time
How Can You See Gas migration
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0
Time
Gas migration - how to deal with it
500 600 500
Well shut in - stabilised Gas migrates - SIDPP increases Bleed mud through choke, allowing
gas to expand, keeping SIDPP at
original value
Float in drill string
600
500
Time Time
Circulating system
(Slow Circulation Rate)
Circulating system
Formation Integrity
Tests
Leak off tests
PSI Purpose
• To measure the fracture
pressure of the formation at
the shoe
• To test the cement job
ACCURATE FORMATION
STRENGTH (LEAK OFF TEST)
1-DRILL OUT THE CASING SHOE AND APPROXIMATELY
15 FEET IN NEW FORMATION (RAT HOLE).
FRACTURE PRESSURE
= MUD psi + L.O.T. psi
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Pump Pressure
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Pump Pressure TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Pump Pressure TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Pump Pressure TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Pump Pressure TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Pump Pressure TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Pump Pressure Point of Leak Off TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Point of Leak Off TREND LINE
Leak Off
Pressure
Pump Pressure
Volume Pumped
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
Point of Leak Off TREND LINE
Leak Off
Pressure
Pump Pressure
FRACTURE PRESSURE
= MUD psi + L.O.T. psi
Volume Pumped
Fracture pressure
HOW?
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
800
900
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
Mud wt pressure
KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
700
950
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Mud wt KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR • Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
500
1000
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Mud wt KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR • Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
400
1100
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Mud wt KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR • Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
1100
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Mud wt KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR • Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
1300
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Mud wt KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR • Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
1500
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Mud wt KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR • Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
1000
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Mud wt KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR • Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
• Hold FCP until kill mud reaches surface
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
0
method
30 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, HOLDING
CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500 = 800 psi
• Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
ICP = 800
to
FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
• Hold FCP until kill mud reaches surface
• When kill mud at the surface SICP will
be ZERO.
Wait and weight
0
0
method
0 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, HOLDING
CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500 = 800 psi
• Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
from ICP = 800 to
FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
• Hold FCP until kill mud reaches
surface
• When kill mud at the surface SICP will
be ZERO.
• When pump shut off Both pressures
will be ZERO
Wait and weight method
• Single circulation
• Circulate mud as soon as available, following step down.
Drillpipe Pressure Casing Pressure
1500
1000
500
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Stks x 100
Drillers method
Drillers method
2 circulations
Well is Shut In
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10,000’
500 Drillers method
900
30 SPM
First circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
800 Drillers method
900
30 SPM
First circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
Mud wt SCR and SIDPP.
E.g. =ICP
10 ppg
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
800 Drillers method
1000
30 SPM
First circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
SCR and SIDPP.
Mud wt E.g.
10 ppg = 300 + 500
= 800 psi
• Hold this pressure constant until the influx is
removed.
• Casing pressure will continue to INCREASE
SCR because of gas expansion.
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
800 Drillers method
1500
30 SPM
First circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
SCR and SIDPP.
Mud wt E.g.
10 ppg = 300 + 500
= 800 psi
• Hold this pressure constant until the influx is
removed
• Casing pressure will continue to INCREASE
SCR and INCREASE because of gas expansion.
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
800 Drillers method
500
30 SPM
First circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
SCR and SIDPP.
E.g.
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
• Hold this pressure constant until the influx is
removed
• Casing pressure will decrease as gas is
pumped through the choke, and finally will be
equal to SIDPP when all gas is pumped out of
the well.
• Shut down HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
500 Drillers method
500
0 SPM
End of first circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
SCR and SIDPP.
E.g.
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
• Hold this pressure constant until the influx is
removed
• Shut down HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• SICP should equal original SIDPP
THINGS TO WATCH FOR
• FOLLOWING A CHOKE ADJUSTMENT THE DRILLPIPE
GAUGE TAKES LONGER TO REACT DUE TO LENGTH
OF SYSTEM
SICP
SICP
300 600
psi
10 ppg 10 ppg
psi
2900 3200
5000 ft 5000 ft
psi psi
SHOE SHOE
PRESSURE PRESSURE
INFLUX
Casing shoe pressure
• Shoe is assumed to be the weak point
• Pressure on shoe at shut in
= Mud hydrostatic + SICP
• Bigger the influx
the bigger the SICP
the bigger the shoe pressure
• If SICP exceeds MAASP at shut in then formation will break
down.
KEEP KICKS SMALL
SHUT IN EARLY
Problems during well control
operations
Well control problem Drillpipe Casing BHP
Choke plugging
Choke washout
Nozzle plugging
String washout
CHANGING PUMP SPEED
KILLING A WELL
40 SPM
900 psi DRILL PIPE PRESSURE
Volume to Bleed
= Closed end Displacement
psi
• STEPS
CHOOSE SAFETY FACTOR
CHOOSE WORKING PRESSURE
e.g. - 100 psi
CALCULATE WORKING VOLUME in bbls