555 Timer / Pemasa

DEE3043 – ELECTRONIC
CIRCUIT
 CHAPTER 4.0 – TIMER 555
1. Schematic diagram
2. Application
3. Timer mode & Operating principles
4. Schmitt trigger
5. Timer 556
Intro ….What is TIMER
 The 555 timer is an 8-pin IC that is capable of
producing accurate time delays and/or oscillators.
 In the time delay mode, the delay is controlled by
one external resistor and capacitor.
 In the oscillator mode, the frequency of oscillation
and duty cycle are both controlled with two
external resistors and one capacitor.

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Pin configuration of Timer 555
 The 555 timer consists of;
 Two voltage comparators
 A bi-stable flip flop

 A discharge transistor

 and a resistor divider network.

Gnd 1 8 +Vcc

Trigger 2 7 Discharge

Output 3 6 Threshold

Reset 4 5 Control voltage

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 Pin Assignment/Function
 PIN 1 Ground--usually connected to ground. The
voltage should be the most negative of any
voltage appearing at the other pins.
 PIN 2 Trigger--level-sensitive point to 1/3 VCC.
When the voltage at this pin is brought below
1/3 VCC the flip-flop is set causing pin 3 to
produce a high state. Allowable applied
voltage is between VCC (pin 8) and ground (pin 1).

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 Pin Assignment/Function…. continue

• PIN 3 Output--level here is normally low and goes high during

the timing interval. Since the output stage is active in
both directions, it can source or sink up 200 mA.
• PIN 4 Reset--when voltage at this pin is less than 0.4 V, the
timing cycle is interrupted returning the timer to its
nontriggered state. This is an overriding function so that
the timer can not be triggered unless reset is released
(pin 4 > 1.0 V). When not used, connect to VCC.

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 Pin Assignment/Function…. continue
• PIN 5 Control voltage--internally derived 2/3 VCC point. A
resistor-to-ground or an external voltage may be
connected to pin 5 to change the comparator reference
points. When not used for this purpose, a capacitor-to-
ground greater than or equal to 0.01 mF is
recommended for all applications.
• PIN 6 Threshold--level sensitive point to 2/3 VCC. When the
voltage at this pin is brought greater than 2/3 VCC., the
flip-flop is reset causing pin 3 to produce a low state.

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 Pin Assignment/Function…. continue

• PIN 7 Discharge--collector of a transistor switch to ground

(pin1). It is normally used to discharge the timing
capacitor.
• PIN 8 VCC--the power-supply voltage connected here can range
from 4.5 to 16 V with respect to ground (pin 1).

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 Block Diagram for a 555 Timer
Vcc (8) Discharge (7)

COMP1 Flip-Flop T1
Control Voltage (5) -

Threshold Voltage (6) + RESET Q

+ COMP2
SET Q Output (3)
-
Trigger Voltage (2)

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Ground (1) Reset (4)
Application of TIMER 555 in electronic equipment
1. Astable multivibrator
2. Monostable multivibrator
3. Missing pulse detector
4. Linear ramp generator
5. Frequency divider
6. Pulse width modulation
7. FSK generator
8. Pulse position modulator
9. Schmitt trigger
10. A light dimmer
11. A car tachometer
12. Traffic Lights
13. Infra Red (IR) remote control
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TIMER MODES /
TYPES
 Multivibrator ??????
 Multivibrator – A circuit designed to have zero, one, or
two stable output states.
 It has two states either stable or quasi-stable depending
on the type of multivibrator.
 Astable: not stable, no stable states (or Free-Running
Multivibrator)
 Monostable: one stable state (or One-Shot
Multivibrator)
 Bistable: two stable states (or Flip-Flop)

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 TIMER MODE / TYPES
i. Monostable Multivibrator Mode
ii. Astable Multivibrator Mode
iii. Bistable Multivibrator Mode
iv. Buffer - Schmitt Trigger

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 Basic Modes / Types of 555-Timer
Schematic Circuits 5V
5V

Ra R

8
R

V CC

V CC
7 7
DIS DIS
1K
Rb 3 3
Q Q
6 6
THR 2 THR
2 TR LED
TR LED

GND
GND

5 5

2
CV CV

0.01 uF
NE555
0.01 uF

NE555
C

1
C
1

1
Astable Multivibrator Monostable Multivibrator
puts out a continuous (or one-shot) puts out one
sequence of pulses pulse each time the
switch is connected

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Timer Types: Monostable Mode
i. Monostable Multivibrator
A multivibrator with a single stable output state. When
triggered, the output will switch to the unstable state for
a set period of time, which is determined by the resistor
and capacitor values. It remains in this state until a
separate signal triggers the timer.

 One-Shot Pulse Output

 Delay On Output

 The duration of the output pulse, in seconds, is

approximately
T = 1.1 (RC) (unit in seconds)
 Monostable Multivibrator
 A monostable multivibrator is one which
generates a single pulse of specified duration in
response to each external trigger signal.
 It has only one stable state.
 Application of a trigger causes a change to the
quasi-stable state.
1

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Monostable Multivibrator Circuit
 Uses of the Monostable Multivibrator

1) Used to generate a clean pulse of the correct

height and duration for a digital system
2) Used to turn circuits or external components on
or off for a specific length of time.
3) Used to generate delays.
4) Can be cascaded to create a variety of
sequential timing pulses. These pulses can
allow you to time and sequence a number of
related operations.

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 Timer Types: Astable Mode

ii. An Astable Multivibrator

 A multivibrator that produces a square wave
output from a DC voltage.
 Astable Output Pulses
 Astable Multivibrator
 An astable multivibrator is a free running
oscillator having two quasi-stable states.
 Thus, there is oscillation between these two
states and no external signal is required to
produce the change in state.

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Astable Multivibrator Circuit

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 Astable Multivibrator Formula
An Astable Multivibrator
 The frequency of operation of the astable circuit is
dependent upon the values of R1, R2, and C.
 Waveform and Duty Cycle of astable timer

Duty cycle
The duty cycle of an astable circuit is the
proportion of the complete cycle for which the
output is high (the mark time). It is usually given
as a percentage.
For a standard 555/556 astable circuit the mark
time (Tm) must be greater than the space time
(Ts), so the duty cycle must be at least 50%:

Tm
Duty cycle = = R1 + R2
Tm + Ts
R1 + 2R2

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Uses of the Astable Multivibrator

1) Flashing LED’s
2) Pulse Width Modulation
3) Pulse Position Modulation
4) Periodic Timers (see mushroom timer in
the experiment).

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 Timer Types: Bistable Mode
iii. Bistable multivibrator – A switching circuit with two
stable output states.
 Also referred to as a flip-flop.
 The output changes state when it receives a valid input trigger
signal, and remains in that state until another valid trigger
signal is received.

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 Bistable Multivibrator
 A bistable multivibrator is one that maintains a
given output voltage level unless an external
trigger is applied.
 Application of an external trigger signal causes
a change of state, and this output level is
maintained indefinitely until an second trigger
is applied .
 Thus, it requires two external triggers before it
returns to its initial state
1 1

0 0
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Timer types - Schmitt Trigger Mode
iv. Schmitt Trigger
 The Schmitt trigger
takes a noisy input
and creates a very
clean output.
 It uses the 1/3V+ and
2/3V+ thresholds to
produce the wave
output
 SCHMITT SYMBOL

Figure 1 (a)

Figure 2 : Schmitt Symbol

Figure 1 (b)

Figure 1 (a) and 1 (b) : Schmitt

Symbol with resistance
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 TIMER 556 - intro
 The 556 Dual timing circuit is a highly stable
controller capable of producing accurate time
delays or oscillation. The 556 is a dual 555. Timing
is provided by an external resistor and capacitor
for each timing function. The two timers operate
independently of each other sharing only VCC and
ground. The circuits may be triggered and reset on
falling waveforms. The output structures may sink
or source 200mA.

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Pin configuration of timer 556

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THANKS……