Chapter Four –

Descriptive geometry:
Auxiliary views
After studying this chapter and working through the problems
you should be able to do the following:
• understand the spatial relationship between points, lines,
plane figures and solids when these features are represented
on orthogonal and auxiliary views
• draw primary and secondary auxiliary views
• draw full and partial auxiliary views
• use auxiliary views to determine the true shape of an inclined
or oblique surface

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 Figure
(a)
4.1

(b)

(c)

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 Figure 4.2 – Projections of a
line onto H, V and E

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

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Figure 4.3 – Determination of true
shape of surfaces

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 Figure 4.4 – Relationship between a
line and its projections and
inclinations in the third dihedral angle

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 Figure 4.5 –
True length
triangles

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Figure 4.6(a) – Determining
true length—method 1

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Figure 4.6(b) – Determining
true length—method 2

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Figure 4.6(c) – Determining
true length—method 3

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Figure 4.6(d) – Determining
true length—method 4

1
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Figure 4.6(e) – Determining
true length—method 5

1
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 Figure 4.6(f) – Determining
true length—method 6

1
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 Figure 4.7 –
View of a TV mast

(a) (b)
1
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 Figure 4.8 –
Bulkhead pipe connection

(a)

(b)
1
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 (a)

Figure 4.9 –
Types of
primary
auxiliary views (b)

in third-angle
projection

(c)

1
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 Figure 4.10 – Comparison of
full and partial auxiliary views

(a) (b)

1
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 Figure 4.11 – Orientation
of auxiliary views

(a) normal (b) removed

(c) removed and rotated

1
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 Figure 4.12 – Removed
and enlarged views

1
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 Figure 4.13 –
A primary auxiliary view

1
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 Figure 4.14 –
A complete auxiliary view

2
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 Figure 4.15 –
A secondary auxiliary view

2
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Figure 4.16 –
Use of
secondary
auxiliary view
to construct
normal views

2
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 Figure 4.17

2
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 Figure 4.18

2
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 Figure 4.19

2
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