L/O/G/O

BISNIS
Dr. R. Rina Novianty A.,SE.,MSi
Mengapa ada Bisnis?
 12.3

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

Self-
Actualization

Esteem

Affiliation

Security

Physiological
 BUSINESS ?
 FERRELL
Individuals or organizations who try to earn a profit by
providing products that satisfy people’s needs
 GRIFFIN
Bisnis adalah suatu organisasi yang menyediakan
barang atau jasa yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan
keuntungan
 BOONE & KURTZ
Bisnis mencakup segala kegiatan & usaha untk
mendapat keuntungan yang menyediakan barang &
jasa yang diperlukan pada suatu sitem ekonomi
The Nature of Business

What is a product?
A good or service with tangible and intangible
characteristics that provide satisfaction and
benefits.
 Products: Tangible
Goods & Services

Tangible Goods
 Loaf of bread
 Television Services
 Automobile Dry cleaning
 Computer Photo processing
Checkup at doctor’s
Musical concert
 The Primary Goal
of Business

Earn a profit
The difference between what it costs to make and sell
a product and what a customer pays for it.
 Profit Is:

[ ]
The difference between what it
costs to make and sell a product
and what a customer pays for it

FHF
 Non-Profit Organizations
Not all organizations are for-profit businesses
Nonprofit organizations
Provide goods and services but
 Do not have the fundamental purpose of earning
profits

 Founded by Bill Daniels, a pioneer in cable television

 Provides grants and scholarships to students,
educational institutions and businesses in the
Rockies region
 TUJUAN BISNIS

TUJUAN

Tujuan Ekonomis Tujuan Sosial

mempertahankan Memperhatikan
eksistensi dan mencapai
keinginan investor,
comparative advatage
dan competitive karyawan suplier
advantage. Seperti men- maupun
ciptakan laba, mencipta- masyarakat luas
kan pelanggan, menja-
lankan upaya-upaya
pengembangan dsb
 Stakeholder

Stakeholders/
pemangku
kepentingan
adalah
konsumen,
investor,
karyawan, &
masyarakat
yang terkena
dampak
kepentingan
sebuah
perusahaan
The People and Activities
of Business
 The Activities of Business

Management – Focus on employees

Motivating employees toward business
goals
Coordinating employee’s actions
Organizing people for efficiency
 Management: Production and
Manufacturing

Another element
of management
Plan activities
Organize staff
Control tasks of
the organization
 Marketing
Focus on satisfying customers
o Determine what products customers want
o Plan and develop products
o Determine:
 Distribution
 Place
 Promotion
 Price

FHF

1-13
 Axe
o Target market is young men looking for a date
o Uses multimedia promotional approach
 YouTube
 Facebook
 Twitter
 Viral Marketing
o To promote the fragrance, Axe Music, Unilever staged concerts around
the country featuring major music acts

FHF

1-14
 Finance

Finance is the primary

responsibility of owners
 Obtaining money
 Using money effectively
 Accountants, stockbrokers, bankers

FHF

1-15
 Why Study Business?

o Develop skills for career success

o Understand business activities
o Learn the importance of profitability
 Individual businesses
 Local and regional impact
 Global economic impact
 Business Impact

Purchase raw materials

Hire employees
Attract capital
Create products
Fuel the global economy
Contribute to society
 The Economic Foundations
of Business

Economics
•Distribution of resources for the production of
goods and services within a social system

Resources (sometimes called factors of

production)
•Natural resources (land, forests, minerals,
water)
•Human resources (labor)
•Financial resources (capital)
•Intangible (good reputation, quality products)
 FAKTOR-FAKTOR PRODUKSI

Tenaga Kerja (Labor)

Modal (Capital)
FAKTOR-
FAKTOR Wirausaha (Entrepreneur)
PRODUKSI
Source : Griffin Sumber Daya Fisik
(Physical Resources)

Sumber Daya Informasi

(Infromation Resources)
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PRODUKSI

 Sumber Daya Alam

(SDA)
 Tenaga Kerja
(SDM)
 Modal
 Kewirausahaan
Source : Vernon
 KLASIFIKASI BISNIS
Ada 9 macam kegiatan Bisnis :
1. Usaha pertanian : usaha peternakan, perkebunan,
pertanian sawah, sayuran, buah2an dsb
2. Produksi bahan mentah : bidang kehutanan,
pertambangan, perikanan air tawar atau ikan laut
3. Manufaktur
4. Konstruksi
5. Usaha perdagangan besar dan kecil
6. Transportasi dan komunikasi
7. Usaha finansial, asuransi dan real estate
8. Usaha jasa
9. Usaha yang dilakukan pemerintah
 TANTANGAN BISNIS
 Tantangan Produktivitas
 Tantangan Kualitas
 Tantangan Pasar Global
Dilihat dari Aspek Lain :
 The Demographic & Cultural
Challenge
 The Environmental Challenge
 The Social Responsibility
Challenge
 The Technology Challenge
 CIRI BISNIS MODERN
 SPESIALISASI

 INTERDEPENDENCE
 PRODUKSI MASAL
 What is an Economic?
 Musselman & Hughes
Economics is a study of the ways & means
by which a society allocates its limited
resources in the production of goods and
services

 Ferrell & Hirt

Economics is the study how resources are
distributed for the production of good &
services within a social
 What is an Economic System?
 A nation’s system for allocating
resources among citizens.

 An economics system, describes how a

particular society distributes its
resources to produce goods services
(Ferrell)
 Economic Systems

Three Important Questions:

1. What types and quantities of
goods/services will satisfy consumer
needs?
2. How will goods/services be produced? By
whom? With what resources?
3. How are goods/services distributed to
consumers?
Types of Economic Systems

1 Communism

2 Socialism

3 Capitalism

4 Mixed Economies
 Comparison of
Communism, Socialism, and Capitalism
 Communism

A society in which the people,

without regard to class, own all the
nation’s resources.
China
North Korea
Cuba
 Communism
• Planned Economic System
• Government Owns
– All Production Facilities
– All Citizens Are Employees of
Government
– All Capital
• All Economic Decisions Controlled
By Government
32
 Socialism

System in which the government

owns and operates basic industries
but individuals own most
businesses.
Sweden
Israel
India
 Capitalism

Free Enterprise
Individuals own and operate
majority of businesses providing
goods and services

Australia Japan United States

 Capitalism
• Private Ownership of
Factors of Production
• Economic Decisions
Made by Owners
• Freedom of Decisions/Choices
 Pure Capitalism vs
Modified Capitalism

Pure Capitalism
Free Market
All economic decisions made without
government intervention
Modified Capitalism
Government intervenes and regulates
business to some extent
 Apa Sistem Ekonomi
Yang Dianut Indonesia?
 UUD 1945 Pasal 33 yang mendasari Sistem
Ekonomi di Indonesia yaitu Sistem Ekonomi
Pancasila.
 Sistem Ekonomi Menekankan pada
kemakmuran masyarakat, bukan orang
perorang. Perekonomian Indonesia disusun
berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan.
 Koperasi adalah bentuk lembaga bisnis yang
paling sesuai.
 Supply & Demand
• Demand- Comes From Buyers
– As Price Drops Buyers Purchase
More
• Supply- Producers’ Willingness
– As Price Increase Producers Offer
More
• Buyers & Suppliers Work Towards
Equilibrium = Profit Maximization
– Surplus vs. Shortage
 Mixed Economies

No country practices pure capitalism,

[ ]
socialism, or communism. Economic
systems can be mixtures and often
contain various elements of
government intervention
 The Free-Enterprise System
Many large economies are free-enterprise –
Even China applies free-enterprise principles
o Basic individual and business
rights
 Right to own property
 Right to earn profits and use them as one
wishes (within constraints of law)
 Right to make business decisions
 Right to choose (careers, what
goods/services to purchase, etc.)
 Supply and Demand

Distribution of resources and products is

determined by supply and demand
Demand
Number of goods/services consumers buy at a
given price at a specific time
Supply
Number of products businesses will sell at different
prices at a specific time
Forces of Supply & Demand

Equilibrium Price = Price at which number of products supplied equal

amount of products consumers are willing to buy at a specific time
 Private Enterprise
 Private Property
 Freedom of Choice
 Profits
 Competition
 Nature of Competition
Competition
 Rivalry among businesses for consumers’ dollars
Pure Competition
 Many small businesses in same product market
Monopolistic Competition
 Small number of businesses
 Little difference in products
Oligopoly
 Very few businesses selling a product
 Degrees of Competition

Monopolistic
Oligopoly Competition

One Many

Monopoly Perfect
Competition

Sellers
Perfect/Pure Competition
• Condition- No Single Firm
Dominant
• Principles
– Buyers View Products As Similar
– Buyers/Sellers Know Each Others’
Prices/Costs
– Easy To Enter/Leave Marketplace
– Prices Set By Supply/Demand &
Accepted by Sellers/Buyers
 Monopolistic Competition

• Many Buyers

• Fewer Sellers Than

Perfect/Pure Competition

• Buyer Perception of Product/Brand

Differentiation
 Oligopoly
• Few Large Sellers

• Market Entry
Difficult- High Capital
Investment

• Sellers Control Strategies

 Monopoly
• Characteristics
– Only One Producer
– Controls Industry
Pricing
• Natural Monopoly
– One Producer
– Can Efficiently Supply All
Goods/Services
 Economic Cycles & Productivity

Economic Expansion
Economy is growing and consumers are
spending money
Economic Contraction
Spending declines, layoffs, economy
slows down
Overall Unemployment Rate

FHF

1-32
Circular Flow of Economics

p p ly

De
Su
Output

m
an
(Goods & Services)

d
Input
D

ly
em

(Factors of Production) p
Su p
an
d
 Economic Cycles
Inflation
 Condition characterized by continuing rise in prices
Recession
 Decline in production, employment, and income
Depression
 Unemployment very high; consumer spending low;
business output sharply reduced
Unemployment
 % of population that wants to work but unable to
find jobs
 The 2008-2010 Recession
The worst recession since the Great Depression
 Collapse of many financial institutions
 AIG
 Bear Stearns
 Washington Mutual
 Merrill Lynch
 Stock market dropped 50%
 Highest mortgage default rate in history
 Unemployment exceeded10%
 Personal savings rates increased
 Government spent $750 billion on financial institutions, and $789 billion on an
economic stimulus package

FHF
 Ethics & Social Responsibility
in Business

 Business ethics refers to standards and

principles used by society to define
appropriate behavior at work
 Stakeholders increasingly demand that
business people behave ethically and
socially responsibly
 Business reputation depends on profit and
ethical conduct and social responsibility

FHF

1-40
 Ethical Business Certifications

 Only natural ingredients

 Cradle to Cradle certified
 Means products are designed with
materials that can be infinitely reused
 Every product is inspected by the
Environmental Protection and
Encouragement Agency
 Reviews ingredients for safety
 Offset CO2 emissions created from
production and travel
 Can You Learn Business
in a Classroom?

Yes!!!
To be successful in business, you
need:
 Knowledge
 Skills
 Experiences and
 Good judgment
 L/O/G/O

Thank You!