SEMINAR

ON

GRAIN STORING TECHNIQUES

SUPERVISED BY: SPEAKER:

Dr. A.P. Vig Vikram Singh Kahlon
M.Sc.(Hons.) Env. Sci. Sem-
III

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY
AMRITSAR
 INTRODUCTION
• Agriculture accounts for more than 20% GDP.

• MAIN FUNCTION OF STORAGE:-

1. To even out fluctuations.

2. To stabalize prices.

2
 STATISTICS OF FOOD GRAINS
TOTAL 32,872,630
GEOGRAPHICAL Land Use Pattern
AREA(Hectares)
6th
3% 7th
5th 4%
4th 2%
3rd 3%
AGRICULTURAL 1,652,443 23% 1st
LAND(Hectares) 51%

TOTAL FOOD GRAIN 245 2nd

14%
PRODUCTION(million
tons)

POPULATION(million) 1169.27

DEMAND(million 258.26
tons)

3
STORAGE OF FOOD
GRAINS

4
 FARM LEVEL STORAGE
•Household
food supplies.

•Household
enterprises.

•Cash needs.
5
 TRADER LEVEL STORAGE
•Profitable
storage.

•Continuous
supply.

•Inter seasonal
storage.
6
 GOVERNMENT LEVEL STORAGE
Govt. policy generally follow
a three tier storage system:-

1. A food security reserve

2. A price stabilization stock

3. National storage reserves

7
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH GRAIN STORAGE

8
• Early Harvesting.

• Lack of proper
storage.

• Pest problems.

• Biodeterioration of
stored grains.

9
 EARLY HARVESTING
• Higher proportion
of immature
seeds.

• Grain cracking.

• Insect
infestations.
Harvesting of wheat with combine

10
 LACK OF PROPER STORAGE
•Insufficient
storage.

•Mismanagement.

Current news related to food wastage 11

 PEST PROBLEMS
•Insects.

•Rodents. Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae Linn)

12
 BIODETERIORATION
OF STORED GRAINS

Penicillium spores produce myco-toxins

Fungal infestations on stored grains

13
 TRADITIONAL
METHODS OF GRAIN
STORAGE

14
• Storage structures of food grains are of
two basic types,
• depending on whether they are:-

• Stored underground or

• Above the ground.

15
 UNDERGROUND STORAGE
STRUCTURES

•Capacity-100 to
200 quintals.

•Safe against
insects.

•Known as
“khai”. A Dug out structure
16
 Surface storage structure
• Food grains on a ground can be stored in two
ways:-

• Bag storage.

• Bulk storage or loose storage.

17
 BAG STORAGE
•Gunny bags.

•Definite
quantity.

•Good
management Jute bags for storing grains 18
 BULK OR LOOSE STORAGE
Mud pots:

•Capacity-5-10
q.

•Suitable for
paddy, wheat.
Mud pot for grain storage 19
 Continue..

Kuthla:

•Capacity-2,5,7,10 q.

•Potential for even large

farmers.

Metal drums:

•Capacity-1.5 q.

•Air tight. 20
IMPROVED GRAIN STORAGE
STRUCTURES

21
 SMALL SCALE STORAGE
• The “ Pusa" bin.

• The "Burkino" silo.

• The Ferrocement Bin ("Ferrumbu").

• Synthetic silos.

22
 THE PUSA BIN
•Developed by I.A.R.I

•Modification of
traditional mud
storage structures.

•Moisture proof, air

tight.

•Storage life- more

than 1 year.
23
 THE BURKINO SILO

•Modification of
kuthla storage
structure.

•Capacity-25-30 q.

•Rat proof

24
 The Ferrocement Bin ("Ferrumbu").
•Developed at
S.E.R.C. Roorkee.

•Financially feasible.

•Structurally sound.

•Capacity-1 to 10
tons. 25
 SYNTHETIC SILOS
•Made from butyl
rubber.

•Capacity-5 to 6
q.

•High
management
level required. 26
 LARGE SCALE STORAGE

• CAP Storage (Cover and

Plinth).

• Warehouses.

27
 CAP (COVER AND PLINTH).

•Developed
by FCI.

•Economically
feasible for
large storage.

28
 WAREHOUSES
•Scientific
storage.

•Financing.

•Price
Stabilization.

•Market
Intelligence. 29
 CONCLUSION

PADDY FIELD

30
WAREHOUSE FACILITY
 k y o u
Th an
31