Chapter 2 Macromechanical Analysis of a Lamina

Hygrothermal Stresses and Strains

Dr. Autar Kaw

Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620

Courtesy of the Textbook

Mechanics of Composite Materials by Kaw
 For a unidirectional lamina
  1  S 11 S 12 0    1  1   1 
T C

       T   C
  2  =  S 12 S 22 0   2  +  2  +  2 
     
(2.174)
  
 12  0 0 S 66   12  0   0 
 Thermally induced strains:
 T1   1
   
 T2  = T  2 
    (2.175)
 0 
 
0 
 
 Moisture induced strains:
 1C    1
   
 C2  = C   2 
   
 0  0  (2.176)
 
  For a unidirectional lamina

 ε1  S 11 S 12 0  σ1  ε1
T
  ε1
C

       T   C
 ε 2  =  S 12 S 22 0  σ 2  +  ε 2  +  ε 2 
        
γ12   0 0 S 66   τ12   0  0 (2.174)

 σ1  Q11 Q12 0  ε1 - ε1T - ε1C 

     
 σ 2  = Q12 Q 22 0 ε 2 - εT2 - ε C2 
     
 τ12   0 0 Q66   γ12  (2.177)

 For an angular lamina
 ε x   S 11 S 12 S 16   σ x   εTx   ε Cx 
      
     
 ε y  =  S 12 S 22 S 26   σ y  + εTy + ε Cy
      
     
γ   S   (2.178)
 xy   16 S 26 S 66   τ xy  γ xy  γ xy 
T C

 Thermally induced strains:

 T   x
  x  
 T  = T   y
  y  
 T  xy  (2.179)
 xy 

 Moisture induced strains:

 C   x
x  
 C  = C  
 y 
 y (2.180)
 C  
 xy   xy 
  For an angular lamina

 α x  α1
   
 α y  = [T ] α 2 
-1

    (2.181)
α xy / 2  0

 c2 s
2
 2 sc   c2 s2 2sc 
   
1
[T ] =  s 2 c
2
2 sc  [T] =  s c2 2
- 2sc 
   
 sc  sc c  s 
2 2
(2.95) - sc sc c2 - s 2  (2.96)

c = Cos (  )
s = Sin (  ) (2.97a,b)
  For an angular lamina
  x   1
   
   = [T ] -1   
 y
  
2
(2.182)
  /2   0 
 xy 

 c2 s
2
 2sc   c2 s2 2sc 
   
1
[T ] =  s 2 c
2
2sc  [T] =  s c2 2
- 2sc 
   
 sc  sc c  s 
2 2
(2.95) - sc sc c2 - s 2  (2.96)

c = Cos (  )
s = Sin (  ) (2.97a,b)
Find the following for a 600 angle lamina of Glass/Epoxy

a) coefficients of thermal expansion,

b) coefficients of moisture expansion,

c) strains under a temperature change of -1000C and a moisture absorption of 0.02 kg/kg.

Use properties of unidirectional Glass/Epoxy lamina from Table 2.1.

a) From Table 2.1,
  x  1
   
1 = 8.6  10-6 m/m / 0 C,   y  = [T ]  2  .
-1

   
 2 = 22.1 10-6 m/m / 0 C.  xy /2   0  (2.181)
Using Equation (2.181), gives

  x  0.2500 0.7500 - 0.8660  8.6  10-6 

    
  y  = 0.7500 0.2500 0.8660 22.1 10-6  ,
    
 xy /2 0.4330 - 0.4330 - 0.5000  0
 

  x   18.73 10-6 
   
  y  =  11.98 10-6  m/m / 0 C.
   
 xy  - 11.69 10-6 
 
b) From Table 2.1
  x   1
 1 = 0 m/m/kg/kg,    
   = [T ] -1   
 2 = 0.6 m/m/kg/kg.  y
  
2

  /2   0 
Using Equation (2.182) gives  xy  (2.182)

  x  0.2500 0.7500 - 0.8660 0.0

    
   = 0.7500 0.2500 0.8660  0.6 
 y
   
  /2  0.4330 - 0.4330 - 0.5000   0 
 xy 

  x   0.4500 
   
  y  =  0.1500  m/m/kg/kg
   
  xy  - 0.5196 
c) Now using Equations (2.179) and (2.180) to calculate the strains as.

  x   18.73 10-6   0.4500

   
  y  =  11.98 10-6  (-100)+  0.1500 (0.02)
    - 0.5196
  - 11.69 10-6   
 xy   

 0.7127 102
 
=  0.1802 10  m/m
2
 
- 0.9223 10 
2
 

  x   S 11 S 12 S 16   x    Tx    Cx 
      
     
  y  =  S 12 S 22 S 26   y  +  Ty +  Cy
       (2.178)
     
   S  
 xy   16 S 26 S 66   xy   xy   xy 
T C