PNG, CNG Operation and

Distribution
 CONTENTS
CGD system – An Introduction

Natural Gas – The energy future

Demand Trend – Natural Gas

City Gas Distribution Concept

- PNG

- CNG
 CGD system – An Introduction

Neo energy forms and developments

• Natural Gas
• Coal Gas
• Bio mass
• Hydrogen fuel
• Wind energy
• Solar Energy
• Hydel Energy
• Nuclear Energy
….. And the search is ongoing…….
 CGD system – An Introduction

Natural Gas – The energy future

• Availability
• Economics
1) Processing (primary energy)
2) Distribution & Handling
3) Usage
3) Consumption
• Environmental friendly
• Safety
Comparison of Energy mix of World, Asia Pacific and India
Yr. 2005 World Asia Pacific India

Energy Consumption 10224 3199 376

(MTOE)
Energy Mix (%)

Coal 27% 47% 53%

Oil 37% 34% 32%

Natural gas 24% 10% 9%

Nuclear 6% 4% 1%

Hydro 6% 5% 5%

Oil & Gas Imports 2467 836 98

(MTOE) (US$30 billion)

Growth in Energy (last 10 yrs)

Total Primary Enrgy 2.1% 4.2% 4.8%

Natural Gas 2.6% 6.0% 6.8%

Gas consumption pattern in Indian market

2000 2005

Fertilizer 40% 29%

Power 38% 40%

Petrochemical & 5% 9%
Refineries

LPG & other liquid 4% 4%

HC
City Gas / CNG 1% 4%

Steel 6% 3%

Others 6% 11%
Total domestic gas demand (Hydro Carbon Vision 2025)

Sector Existing Additional Total (bcm)

(bcm) (bcm)

Fertilizer 25.40 33.60 56.00

Power 28.50 148.42 176.92

Steel 3.0 7.00 10.00

Others (including 20.00 50.00 70.00

Refinery and City
Gas)
 CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT
 Development of Pipeline Network in a pre defined
geographical spread
Maintaining Different Levels of Gas Pressure to meet
the Demand of various segments of gas users -
Domestic, Commercial, Industrial and Automobiles.
Designing high pressure and medium pressure
network such that supply to any consumer is possible
from either side.
 CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT
Contd….

Design gas storage for maximum survival period

Consider safety at all stages
Balance growth of all consumer sectors, specially
those cross subsidizing each other.
CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION (CGD) - Overview

 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG)

- AUTOMOBILES

 PIPED NATURAL GAS (PNG)

- DOMESTIC

- COMMERCIAL

- INDUSTRIAL
 PNG benefits

 Hassle free uninterrupted supply

Safe
Low operating costs
Infrastructure development – one time cost
No spillage and pilferage
Lower maintenance cost for appliances
PNG SUPPLY SYSTEM
NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION PLAN

MAIN TRANSMISSION PIPELINE

CITY LIMITS
CITY GATE EXECUTION & OPERATIONS
BY
GAS DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
Battery
Limits
CGD - Infrastructure
Major Constituents of CGD are

 City Gate station

 Pipelines
 Steel Pipelines

 Poly Ethylene Pipelines

 GI / Cu Pipes

 Regulating Stations

 CNG Stations
 CITY GATE STATION (CGS)
 CGS is the location of Custody Transfer from Transmission
Company to Distribution Company.

 CGS has following facilities with a stand by mode :

 Filteration

 Pressure Reduction

 Metering

 Odorization
 NETWORK PRESSURE
 HIGH PRESSURE - Steel Pipeline MAOP
Class 150 # : 19 Kg/Cm2
Class 300 # : 49 Kg/Cm2
 MEDIUM PRESSURE - PE Pipeline
PE 80 / PE 100
Pressure Range 4 Bar
LOW PRESSURE - GI & Copper
75 Mbar & 21 Mbar
NG Transportation & Distribution System

MDPE
Typical Piped Natural Gas Distribution Network
 PIPED NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MECHANISM
(THREE STAGE)
12” / 8” / 6” / 4” STEEL PIPELINE AT 19 BAR

4” STEEL PIPELINE

FIELD 4 BAR 180 / 125 / 63 / 32 MM MDPE DISTRIBUTION MAIN

REGULATING UNDERGROUND PIPELINE
STATION
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES B / W

• INLET – 17-32 BAR

• OUTLET – 4 BAR METER REGUATOR APPLAINCE VALVE
• FILTER 100 Mbar to 21 mBAR
• TWIN STREAM
REGULATION WITH
SLAMSHUT-OFF
• PRESSURE RELEIF GI RISER FLEXIBLE RUBBER
• METER • 100 MBAR X 21
mBAR
HOSE
• HIGH / LOW
PRESSURE SLAM METER
SHUT CUT OFF
• RELIEF VALVE
ISOLATION
SERVICE REGULATOR VALVE

PE / GI TRANSITION FITTING BURNER

GROUND LEVEL

KITCHEN B / W

20 MM MDPE PIPELINE
 PIPED NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MECHANISM
(TWO STAGE)
12” / 8” / 6” / 4” STEEL PIPELINE AT 19 BAR

4” STEEL PIPELINE
FIELD 4 BAR 180 / 125 / 63 / 32 MM MDPE
REGULATING DISTRIBUTION MAIN UNDERGROUND PIPELINE
STATION
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES B /
W
• INLET – 17-32 BAR
• OUTLET – 4 BAR DOMESTIC APPLAINCE VALVE
• FILTER REGULATOR GI RISER
• TWIN STREAM
• 4 BAR X
REGULATION WITH 21MBAR FLEXIBLE RUBBER
SLAMSHUT-OFF • HIGH / LOW HOSE
• PRESSURE RELEIF PRESSURE
• METER SLAM SHUT
CUT OFF METER
• RELIEF VALVE ISOLATION
VALVE
PE / GI TRANSITION FITTING BURNER
GROUND LEVEL
KITCHEN B / W

20 MM MDPE PIPELINE
MAJOR EQUIPMENT / COMPONENTS USED
FOR PNG DISTRIBUTION

 FIELD REGULATING STATION

 REGULATOR

 METERS

 METER REGULATING STATIONS

FIELD REGULATING STATION

FEATURES
 TYPE- TWIN STREAM ACTIVE- MONITOR
REGULATORS WITH SLAMSHUT OF
VALVES AND METER

 INLET PRESSURE – 17 to 32 BAR

 OUT LET PRESSURE – 4 BAR
 DESIGN PRESSURE- 49 BAR
 MAX. FLOW- 5000 / 10000 SCMH

 SAFETY FEATURES-
 ACTIVE- MONITOR REGULATION
 OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFF
 UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFF
 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

 METER TYPE- TURBINE / RPD WITH

FLOW COMPUTER
REGULATOR AND METER
DOMESTIC REGULATORS
 TYPE- DIRECT ACTING
 INLET PRESSURE – 1.0 to 4 BAR
 OUT LET PRESSURE – 21 Mbar
 MAX. FLOW- 6.5 Cu.M/Hr.
 SAFETY FEATURES-
OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFF
UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFF
RELIEF VALVE

DOMESTIC METER
• TYPE – G-1.6
• MAX. FLOW - 2.5 Cu.M/Hr.
• MIN. FLOW – 0.016 Cu.M/Hr.
• MOP- 300 mBAR
• ACCURACY –
Q max TO 0.2 Q max + 2%
0.2 Q max TO Q min + 3%
METERING REGULATING STATION
INSTALLED AT COMMERCIAL`S
FEATURES
 CUSTOMISED
 TYPE- TWIN / SINGLE STREAM
REGULATORS WITH SLAMSHUT OF
VALVES AND METER

 INLET PRESSURE – 19 / 4 BAR

 OUT LET PRESSURE – AS REQUIRED
 DESIGN PRESSURE - AS REQUIRED
 MAX. FLOW - AS REQUIRED

SAFETY FEATURES -
 OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFF
 UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFF
 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

 METER TYPE- TURBINE / RPD WITH

FLOW COMPUTER
 PRESSURE GAUGES
 MDPE PIPES AND FITTINGS
 STANDARD PIPE SIZES BEING USED OD IN MM
- 180, 125, 90, 63, 32, 20
 ASSOCIATED FITTINGS
a. Coupler
b. Elbow
c. Tee
d. Reducer
e. Valve
f. Transition Fittings
g. Tapping Saddles
h. End Caps
 CATEGORIES OF PE FITTINGS

 ELECTRO FUSION FITTINGS

Injected moulded polyethylene

accessories equipped with a
heated element designed to
transform electrical energy
into heat to create self-welding

 SPIGOT FITTINGS

PE fittings having smooth

ends which requires electro
fusion accessories to weld to
other pipe / fittings
 TYPES OF PE FITTINGS

 PE PIPE COUPLERS

FOR JOINING PIPE TO PIPE AND

PIPE TO FITTING

 TAPPING SADDLE

FOR TAKING TAP-OOFS FROM

LIVE LINES

 PE SHUT-OFF VALVES

FOR ISOLATING PE GAS

PIPELINES

 REDUCERS

FOR CONNECTING PIPES OF

DIFFERENT DIAMETER.
 TYPES OF PE FITTINGS (Contd…)

 PE ELBOWS
FOR JOINING PIPES IN
DIFFERENT ANGLE

 TRANSITION FITTINGS
ADAPTORS FOR PE TO STEEL /
GI.

 EQUAL TEE
FOR BRANCHING OF PIPELINE
NET WORK

 END CAPS
INSTALLED AT THE END OF THE
PIPELINE
CNG - History
 CNG Benefits

 Environmentally friendly fuel

Safe for vehicles

Low operating costs
Increases components / consumables life
Improves country economy
CNG Station Types
Types of CNG Stations – Gas supply

Online Station
Types of CNG Stations – Gas supply

Mother Station
Types of CNG Stations – Gas Supply

Daughter (Booster) Station

Types of CNG Stations – Filling
Types of CNG Stations – Filling
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout

Dryers
CNG Station Layout

Dryers
CNG Station Layout

Compressor
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout

Twin Hose Single Hose