PythonSlide Latest 2018

Prepared by: NG HUI QUN &MUKRIMAH NAWIR
School of Computer and Communication Engineering
Organized by School of Computer and Communication Engineering
09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 1

8 COURSE
Dr AmizaAmir|Dr NaimahYaakob|Dr Nik Adilah Hanin|Mdm SalinaAsi|Ng Hui Qun|Mukrimah Nawir
PYTHON CRASH COURSE

9.00am Variables and Simple Data Types 10.00am
10.00am Introduction and Working withLISTS 12.00pm
12.00pm IF Statements 1.00pm
1.00pm
BREAK TIME 2.00pm
2.00pm User Input and While loops 3.00pm
3.00pm Functions 4.00pm
4.00pm Dictionaries and Data Visualization 5.15pm

8 COURSE
PYTHON CRASH COURSE
VARIABLES
&
SIMPLE DATATYPES
8 COURSE
VARIABLES
word print, it prints to the screen whatever is inside the parentheses.
 print (“Hello Python World!”)

Hello Python World!
 message = “Hello Python World!”
print (message) message is a variable
Hello Python World!
 message = “Hello Python World!”
print (message)
message = “Hello Python Crash Course World!”

print (message)
Hello Python World!
Hello Python Crash Course World!
8 COURSE
RULES &GUIDELINES - VARIABLES
 Contain only letters, numbers, and underscores


Can start with a letter or an underscore, but not with a
number.
 Spaces are not allowed, but underscores can be used
 Avoid using Python keywords and function names

8 COURSE
STRINGS
A series of characters. Anything inside quotes is considered a
string in Python and you can use single or double quotes
String with Methods

Name = “ mukrimah nawir” Output:
print(Name.title()) Mukrimah Nawir
print(Name.upper()) MUKRIMAH NAWIR
print(Name.lower()) mukrimah nawir

Combining and Concatenating Strings
first_name=”mukrimah”
last_name=”nawir” mukrimah nawir
full_name= first_name + “ “ + last_name
print(full_name)
print(“Hello, “ + full_name.title() + “!”) Hello, Mukrimah Nawir!
8 COURSE
Prepared by: NG HUI QUN
STRINGS
String with Tabs Output:
print(“Python”) Python
print(“\tPython”) Python
String with Newlines Languages:
print(“Languages:\nPython\nC\nJavaScript”) Python
C
JavaScript
String with Apostrophe
message=”One of Python's strengths is its diverse community.”
print(message) One of the Python's strengths is its diverse community
message='One of Python's strengths is its diverse community.'

print(message) SyntaxError: invalid syntax
 rstrip() : right strip  lstrip() : left strip  strip() : both side strip
8 COURSE
NUMBERS
Integers
 Add(+), Substract(-), Multiply (*), and Divide (/), Exponents (**)
Floats

Number with a decimal point
print(16.0/7)
2.2857142857142856
Rounding Floats
 X=(16.0/7)
output=round(X,3)
print(output)
2.286

8 COURSE
AVOIDING TYPE ERRORS WITH STR()
FUNCTION
 age=23
message=”Happy” + age + “rd Birthday!”
print(message)
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
 age=23
message=”Happy ” + str(age) + “rd Birthday!”
print(message)
Happy 23rd Birthday!
# indicates a comment
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EXERCISES

Name cases: Store your name in a variable, then print that
person's name in lowercase, uppercase, and titlecase.

Famous quote: Find a quote from a famous person you admire.
Print the quote and the name of its author. Your output should
look like this
Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a
mistake never tried anything new.
 Number Eight: Write addition, subtraction, multiplication and

division operations that each result in the number 8. Be
sure to enclose your operations in print statements to see
the results. You should create four lines that look like this:
print(5+3)
8 COURSE
PYTHON CRASH COURSE
INTRODUCTION&
WORKINGWITH
LISTS
8 COURSE
INTRODUCTION TO LISTS
 A list is a collection of items in a particular order

[ ] indicates a list and individual elements in the list are separated
by commas
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
print(bicycles) ['trek','cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
Accessing Elements in a List


List are ordered collections, access any element in a list by telling
Python the position/index of the item desired.

print(bicycles[0])
print(bicycles[0].title()) trek
Trek
8 COURSE
INTRODUCTION TO LISTS (CONT.)

Index Positions Start at 0, Not 1
 Python considers the first item in a list to be at position 0, not position 1

Special syntax for accessing the last element in a list by asking for the
item at index -1
print(bicycles[1]) cannondale
print(bicycles[3])
specialized
print(bicycles[-1])
print(bicycles[-2])
specialized
redline
Using Individual Values from a List
 Use concatenation to create a message based on a value from a list
message= “My first bicycle was a” + bicycles[0].title()+”.”
print(message)
My first bicycle was a Trek.
8 COURSE
CHANGING, ADDING, &REMOVING
ELEMENTS
Modifying elements in a list
cars = ['peugeot','merc', 'mazda']
print(cars) ['peugeot','merc', 'mazda']
cars[0]='myvi' ['myvi','merc', 'mazda']
print(cars)
Adding elements in a list – .append() or .insert()
cars.append = ('volvo')
print(cars) ['myvi','merc', 'mazda','volvo']
cars.insert(2,'kancil') ['myvi','merc', 'kancil', 'mazda','volvo']
print(cars)
Removing elements in a list – del
cars = ['peugeot','merc', 'mazda']
['peugeot','merc', 'mazda']
print(cars) ['merc', 'mazda']
del cars[0]
print(cars)

8 COURSE
CHANGING, ADDING, &REMOVING ELEMENTS
(CONT.)
Removing elements in a list - .pop()
motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles) ['honda','yamaha', 'suzuki']
popped_motorcycle=motorcycles.pop() ['honda','yamaha']
print(motorcycles) suzuki
print(popped_motorcycles)
Popping items from any Position in a List .
motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha', 'suzuki']
first_owned=motorcycles.pop(0)
print('The first motorcycle I owned was a '+first_owned.title()+'.')
The first motorcycle I owned was a Honda.
Removing an item by Value .
motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha', 'suzuki','ducati']
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.remove('ducati') ['honda','yamaha', 'suzuki','ducati']
print(motorcycles) ['honda','yamaha', 'suzuki']
8 COURSE
ORGANIZING A LIST
Sorting a List Permanently – .sort()
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.sort() ['audi','bmw', subaru', 'toyota', ]
print(cars)
Sorting a List Temporarily – sorted() Here is the original list:
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print(“Here is the original list:”)
print(“\nHere is the sorted list:”) Here is the sorted list:
print(sorted(cars)) ['audi','bmw', subaru', 'toyota', ]
Printing a List in Reverse Order - .reverse()
print(cars) ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.reverse ['subaru', 'toyota','audi', 'bmw' ]
print(cars)
Finding the length of a list - len() output
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] 4
len(cars)
8 COURSE
WORKING WITH LISTS

Looping Through Entire List
 When doing the same action with every item in a list, use a for looping
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
print(magician)
Indentation in Looping
 Indentation is used to determine when one line of code is connected to the
line above it.

In the example, lines 3 and 4 were part of the for loop because they were
indented.

Indentation makes code very easy to read.

Four spaces per indentation level
print(magician.title()+”, thata was a great trick!”)
print(“I can't wait to see your next, “ + magician.title() + “.\n”
8 COURSE
ORGANIZING A LIST
Sorting a List Permanently – .sort()
cars.sort() ['audi','bmw', subaru', 'toyota', ]
print(cars)
Sorting a List Temporarily – sorted() Here is the original list:
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print(“Here is the original list:”)
print(“\nHere is the sorted list:”) Here is the sorted list:
print(sorted(cars)) ['audi','bmw', subaru', 'toyota', ]
Printing a List in Reverse Order - .reverse()
print(cars) ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.reverse ['subaru', 'toyota','audi', 'bmw' ]
print(cars)
Finding the length of a list - len() output
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] 4
len(cars)
8 COURSE
INDENTATION ERRORS
 Forgetting to Indent
print(magician.title()+”, that was a great trick!”)
 Forgetting to Indent Additional Lines
print(magician.title()+”, that was a great trick!”)
print(“I can't wait to see your next trick, “+magician.title()+”.\n”)
 Indenting Unnecessarily
message = “hello world”
print(message)
 Forgetting the colon
for magician in magicians
print(magician)
8 COURSE
MAKING NUMERICAL LIST

 Using the range() Function
1 Range() function starts counting at the
For value in range(1,5) 2 first value you give and stops when it
print(value) 3
reaches the second value. Therefore, the
4
c output never contains the end value.
 Using the range() to Make a List of Numbers
numbers = list(range(1,6)) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(numbers)
even_numbers = list(range(2,11,2)) Starting number is 2
print(even_numbers) Adds 2 repeatedly until it
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10] reaches or passes the end
value
squares = []
for value in range(1,11):
square = value**2 [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
09/12/20s18quares.append(squareP)YTHON CRASH 2
COURSE 0
MAKING NUMERICA LISTS (CONT.)

Simple Statistics with a List of Numbers
You can easily find the minimum, maximum and sum of a list of numbers.
digits = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0] 0
print(min(digits) 9
print(max(digits) 45
print(sum(digits)
List Comprehensions
 Allows you to generate the list in just one line of code.
 Combine for loop and the creation of new elements into one line, and
automatically appends each new element.
squares = []
for value in range (1,11): squares = [value**2 in range (1,11)]
squares.append(value**2) print (squares)
print (squares)

8 COURSE
WORKING WITH PART OF A LIST

Slicing a List
 To make a slice, you specify the index of the first and last elements you
want to work with.
 To output the first three elements in a list, you would request indices 0
through 3, which would return 0,1,and 2.
players =[‘charles’,’martina’,’micheal’, ‘florence’,’eli’]
print(players[0:3])
[‘charles’,’martina’,’micheal’]
 To output 2nd,3rd and 4th items, you would request indices 1 through 4.
print(players[1:4])
[martina’,’micheal',‘florence’ ]

8 COURSE
WORKING WITH PART OF A LIST (CONT.)

 If you omit the first index in a slice, Python automatically starts your slice at
the beginning of the lists:
print(players[:4])
[‘charles’,’martina’,’micheal’, ‘florence’]
 If you want all items from the third item through the last item.
print(players[2:])
[’micheal',‘florence’,’eli’ ]
 The last three players on the list.

print(players[-3:])
[’micheal',‘florence’,’eli’ ]
8 COURSE

Looping Through a Slice
 Use a slice in a for loop if you want to loop through a subset of the
elements in a list.
print(“The first three players”)
for player in players[:3]:
print(players.title())
Output: The first three players:

Charles
Martina
Michael

8 COURSE

Copying a List
my_foods =[‘pizza’,`falafel’,`carrot cake’]

friend_foods = my_food[:]
my_foods.append(‘cannoli’)
friend_foods.append(‘ice cream’)
print(“My favorite foods are:”)

print(my_food)
print(“\n My friend’s favorite foods are:”)

print(friend_foods)
My favorite foods are:
[‘pizza’,`falafel’,`carrot cake’,’cannoli’]
My friend’s favorite foods are:

09/12/201
[‘pizza’,`falafel’,`carrot cake’,’ice cream’]
PYTHON CRASH 2
8 COURSE 5
TUPLES
Defining a Tuple
 Lists are used for storing items that can change throughout the life of a
program.
 Tuple is a list of items that cannot change (immutable).
dimensions=(200, 50)
200
print(dimensions[0]); 50
print(dimensions[1]);
 What if we try to change one of the items?

dimensions[0]=250
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “dimensions.py”,line 3, in <module>
dimensions[0]= 250
TypeError: ‘tuple’ object does not support item assignment
09/12/2018 PYTHON CRASH COURSE

26
TUPLES (CONT.)
Looping Through All Values in a Tupple
 You can loop over all the values in a tuple using a for loop.
for dimension in dimensions: 200
print(dimension) 50
Writing over a Tuple

 Although you can’t modify a tuple, you can assign a new value to a variable that
holds a tuple.
print(“Original dimensions:”)
for dimension in dimensions: Original dimensions:
200
print(dimension) 50
dimensions=(400, 100) Modified dimensions:
print(“\n Modified dimensions:”) 400
for dimension in dimensions: 100
09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH URS 2
8
print(dimension) CO E 7
STYLING YOUR CODE

The Style Guide
 Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) 8
 Instruct programmers on how to style your code.
 Write clear code from the start.
Indentation
 PEP 8 recommends four spaces per indentation level.
 However, people often use tabs rather than spaces to indent.

8 COURSE
EXERCISE
Slices: players = ['charles', 'martina', 'micheal', 'florence', 'eli']
 Print the first four items in the list
 Print three items from the middle of the list
 Print the last three items in the list
Buffet: A buffet-style restaurant offers only five basic foods. Think

of five simple foods, and store them in a tuple.
 Use a for loop to print each food the restaurant offers.
 Try to modify one of the items, and make sure that Python rejects the change.
 The restaurant changes its menu, replacing two of the items with different foods.
Add a block of code that rewrites the tuple, and then use a for loop to print each
of the items on the revised menu.

8 COURSE
EXERCISE
My Pizza, Your Pizza
 Think of at least 3 kinds of your favourite pizza. Store these pizza names in a list,
and then use a for loop to print the name of each pizza.
 Modify your for loop to print a sentence using the name of the pizza instead of
printing just the name of the pizza. For each pizza, you should have one line of
output containing a simple statement like “ I like pepperoni pizza”
 Add a line at the end of your program, outside the for loop, that states how much
you like pizza. The output should consist of three or more lines about the kinds of
pizza you like and then an additional sentence, such as ’I really love pizza!”
 Make a copy of the list of pizza, and call it friend_pizzas.
 Add a new pizza to the original list.
 Add a different pizza to the friend_pizzas
 Prove that you have two separate list. Print the message list, “My favorite pizzas
are” and the then use a for loop to print the first list. . Print the message list, “My
friend’s favorite pizzas are” and the then use a for loop to print the second list.
8 COURSE
PYTHON CRASH COURSE
IFSTATEMENTS

8 COURSE
A SIMPLE EXAMPLE
cars = ['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
for car in cars: Output:
if car == 'bmw': Audi
print(car.upper()) BMW
else: Subaru
print(car.title()) Toyoto
CONDITIONAL TESTS
Checking for Equality
>>> car = 'bmw' >>> car = 'audi' False
True
>>> car == 'bmw' >>> car == 'bmw'
''' Set the value of car to 'bmw'(single equal sign)
''' Equality operator returns True if the values on the left and right side of the
operator match

8 COURSE
CONDITIONAL TESTS (CONT.)

Checking for Inequality
requested_topping = 'mushrooms' Output:

if requested_topping != 'anchovies': Hold the anchovies!
print(“Hold the anchovies!”)
Numerical Comparisons
>>> age = 19 >>> age = 19 >>> age = 19 >>> age = 19

>>> age < 21 >>> age <= 21 >>> age > 21 >>> age >= 21
True True False False

8 COURSE
if Statements
Simple if Statements
age = 19
if age >= 18:
print("You are old enough to vote!")
You are old enough to vote!
if-else Statements
age = 17
if age >= 18:
print("You are old enough to vote!")
print(“Have you registered to vote yet?”)
else:
print(“Sorry, you are too young to vote.”)
print(“Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!”)
Sorry, you are too young to vote.
Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!
8 COURSE
if Statements (CONT.)
The if-elif-else Chain
age = 12
if age < 4:
print("Your admission cost is $0.")
elif age < 18: Your admission cost is $5
else:
age = 12
if age < 4:
price = 0
elif age < 18:
price = 5
else:
price = 10
print("Your admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".")

8 COURSE
Using Multiple elif Blocks
age = 12
if age < 4:
price=0
elif age < 18:
price=5
elif age <65:
price=10
else:
price=5

8 COURSE
Omitting the else Block
age = 12
if age < 4:
price=0
elif age < 18:
price=5
elif age <65:
price=10
elif age >=65:
price=5

8 COURSE
Testing Multiple Conditions
requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'extra cheese']
if 'mushrooms' in requested_toppings:
print("Adding mushrooms.")
if 'pepperoni' in requested_toppings:
print("Adding pepperoni.")
if 'extra cheese' in requested_toppings:
print("Adding extra cheese.")
print("\nFinished making your pizza!")
Adding mushrooms.
Adding extra cheese.
Finished making your pizza!

8 COURSE
Testing Multiple Conditions (CONT.)
requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'extra cheese']
if 'mushrooms' in requested_toppings:
print("Adding mushrooms.")
elif 'pepperoni' in requested_toppings:
print("Adding pepperoni.")
elif 'extra cheese' in requested_toppings:
print("Adding extra cheese.")
Adding mushrooms.

8 COURSE
USING if Statement WITH LISTS

Checking for Special Items
requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese']
for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")
print("\nFinished making your pizza!") Adding mushrooms
Adding green peppers.

requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese']

if requested_topping == 'green peppers':
print("Sorry, we are out of green peppers right now.")
else:
print("\nFinished making your pizza!") Adding mushrooms.
Sorry, we are out of green peppers right now.
09/12/201 Adding
PYTHON CRASH extra cheese.
COURSE
8 4
0
USING if Statement WITH LISTS (CONT.)

Checking That a List Is Not Empty
requested_toppings = []
if requested_toppings:
else:
print("Are you sure you want a plain pizza?") Are you sure you want a plain pizza?
Using Multiple Lists
available_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'olives', 'green peppers', 'pepperoni', 'pineapple',
'extra cheese']
requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'french fries', 'extra cheese']

if requested_topping in available_toppings:
else:
print("Sorry, we don't have " + requested_topping + ".")
print("\nFinished making your pizza!") Adding mushrooms.
Sorry, we don't have french fries.
09/12/201
PYTHON CRASH COURSE
8 4
1
PYTHON CRASH COURSE
USERINPUT
&
WHILELOOPS
8 COURSE
INTRODUCTION
 Python input() function
 Syntax:: input(prompt)
 prompt = A String, representing a default message before the input.
 Example:
print('Enter your name:')
x = input()
print('Hello, ' + x.title())

Output:
Enter your name:

Sarah
Hello, Sarah
8 COURSE
INTRODUCTION (CONT.)

Another method:
x = input('Enter your name:')
print('Hello, ' + x)

Output:
Enter your name: Sarah

Hello, Sarah

8 COURSE
INPUT MULTIPLE VALUES FROM USER IN ONE LINE IN

PYTHON
 For instance, in C we can do something like this:

//Reads two values in one line
scanf(“%d %d”, &x, &y)
 One solution is to use input() two times:

x,y = input(),input()
 Another solution is to use split()

x,y = input().split()

8 COURSE
INPUT MULTIPLE VALUES (CONT.)

Both x and y would be of string.
 We can convert them to int using another line
x,y = input(‘Enter values of x and y: ’).split()
iNewX = int(x)
iNewY = int(y)
print(iNewX + iNewY)
 Output
Enter values of x and y: 5 3
8
8 COURSE
WHILE LOOPS
 while loop runs as long as a certain condition is true.
 Example:
current_number = 1
while current_number <= 3:
print(current_number)
current_number += 1
 Output
1
2
3
8 COURSE 7
WHILE LOOPS (USING A FLAG)

prompt = "Enter 'quit' to end the program.”
repeat = True
while repeat:
message = input(prompt)
if message == 'quit':
repeat = False
else:
print(message)

Output
Enter 'quit' to end the program. Hello everyone!
Hello everyone!
Enter 'quit' to end the program. Hello again.
Hello again.
Enter 'quit' to end the program. quit
09/12/201 quit PYTHON CRASH 4
8 COURSE 8
EXERCISE

Write a Python program that creates a table of
degrees Celcius with the corresponding degrees
Fahrenheit. Begin at 0˚C and proceed to 100˚C in
20˚C increments using a suitable repetition structure.

Given, F = C * (9/5) + 32

where F is Fahrenheit, in degrees, and C is Celcius,
in degrees.
Save as
CelsiusToFahrenheit.py

8 COURSE 9
EXERCISE (CONT.)

Sample output:
Table of Celsius and Fahrenheit degrees

Degrees Degrees
Celsius Celsius
0.00 32.00
20.00 68.00
40.00 104.00
60.00 140.00
80.00 176.00
8 100.00 212.00
COURSE 0
EXERCISE
 Write a Python program that determines whether a
number is odd or even and total of each category.
 The program continues repetition when user enter ‘Y’
or ‘y’; otherwise it stops.
 An even number resulted a remainder of zero when it
is divided by 2.
Save as OddEven.py

8 COURSE
EXERCISE (CONT.)
 Sample output:
Enter a number to decide even or odd number: 6
6 is an even number
Do you want to continue? y-yes other characters-no y
76 is an even number
Do you want to continue? y-yes other characters-no y
991 is an odd number
Do you want to continue? y-yes other characters-no n
Number of even numbers: 2
Number of odd numbers: 1
8 COURSE
PYTHON CRASH COURSE
FUNCTIONS

8 COURSE
INTRODUCTION
 Use keyword def to inform Python that you’re defining a
function:
def greet_user():
#Display a simple greeting. Function definition
print("Hello!")
greet_user() Function call
 Output
Hello!
8 COURSE
PASSING INFORMATION TO FUNCTION
def greet_user(username):
#Display a simple greeting.
print("Hello, " + username.title() + "!")
greet_user('jesse')
 Output
Hello, Jesse!

8 COURSE
POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS
 Positional arguments - values passed by a function match up with
the order of arguments.
 Example:
def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")
describe_pet('hamster', 'harry')
 Output
I have a hamster.
My hamster's name is Harry.

8 COURSE
KEYWORD ARGUMENTS
 Keyword argument is a name-value pair that you pass to a function.
 Example:
def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
describe_pet(animal_type='hamster', pet_name='harry')
describe_pet(pet_name='harry', animal_type='hamster')
These 2 function calls

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH are equivalent 5
8 COURSE 9
DEFAULT VALUES

When writing a function, you can define a default value for each parameter.

If an argument for a parameter is provided in the function call, Python uses
the argument value.
 If not, it uses the parameter’s default value. Example:
def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type='dog'):

describe_pet(pet_name='willie')
 Output
I have a dog.
My dog's name is Willie.
8 COURSE
DEFAULT VALUES (CONT.)

def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type='dog'):
print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " +
pet_name.title() + ".")
describe_pet(pet_name='willie', animal_type= "cat")
 Output
I have a cat.
My cat's name is Willie.

8 COURSE
USING A FUNCTION WITH A WHILE LOOP

def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name):
#Return a full name, neatly formatted.
full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name.title()
# This is an infinite loop!

while True:
print("\nPlease tell me your name:")
f_name = input("First name: ")
l_name = input("Last name: ")
formatted_name = get_formatted_name(f_name, l_name)
print("\nHello, " + formatted_name + "!")
8 COURSE
EXERCISE
 A program computes volume of a cylinder by requesting
user to enter radius in cm and height in cm. The formula
to calculate volume of a cylinder is
 volume = π * radius * radius * height
 Write a function definition calcVolume : accepts radius
and height in order to calculate volume by passing those
two arguments by value and return calculation of volume.
Save as func_VolumeOfCylinder.py

8 COURSE
EXERCISE (CONT.)
 Sample output:
--- Calculation of Volume of Cylinder ---

Please key in radius(cm) & height(cm): 5 5
The volume of cylinder is 392.70 cm^3

8 COURSE
PYTHON CRASH COURSE
DICTIONARIES

8 COURSE
DICTIONARIES
 Dictionaries allow you to connect pieces of related

information.
 Allow you to model a variety of real-world objects more
accurately.
 Create a dictionary representing a person then store as
much information as you want about the person – age,
name, location, profession.
 Store any two kinds of information that can be matched
such as a list of words and their meanings.

 A list of people’s name and their favorite number, a list of
mountains and their elevation.

8 COURSE
A SIMPLE DICTIONARY
 Consider a game featuring aliens that can have different

colors and point values.
alien_0={’color’ : ’green’ , ’points’ : 5}

print (alien_0[‘color’])
print (alien_0[‘points’])
Output:
green
5

8 COURSE
WORKING WITH DICTIONARIES
 key-value pairs.
 Each key is connected to a value.
 value - can be any number, a string, a list or even
another dictionary.
 When you provide a key, Python returns the value
associated with that key.

8 COURSE

Accessing values in a dictionary
alien_0={’color’:’green’,’points’:5}
print (alien_0[‘color’]);
Output:
green
new_points=alien_0[‘points’]
print (“You just earned ” + str(new_points)+ ”points!”)
Output:
You just earned 5 points!
8 COURSE

Adding New Key-Value Pairs
print (alien_0)
alien_0['x_position']=0
alien_0['y_position']=25
print(alien_0)
Output:
{‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’:5}
{‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’:5, ‘x_position’:0, ‘y_position’:25}

8 COURSE

Starting withan Empty Dictionary
alien_0={}
alien_0['color']='green'
Alien_0['points']=5
print(alien_0)
Output:

8 COURSE

Modifying Values in a Dictionary
alien_0={’color’:’green’}
print(“The alien is “+ alien_0[‘color’]+”.”)
alien_0[‘color’]=’yellow’
print(“The alien now is “+ alien_0[‘color’]+”.”)
Output:
The alien is green.

The alien is now yellow.

8 COURSE

Removing Key-Value pairs
print(alien_0)
del alien_0[‘points’]
print(alien_0)
Output:
{‘color’: ‘green’}

8 COURSE

A Dictionary of Similar Objects
favorite_languages ={
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}
print (“Sarah’s favorite language is “ +
favorite_languages[‘sarah’].title()+ “.”)
Output:
Sarah’s favorite language is C.
8 COURSE
LOOPING THROUGH A DICTIONARY

Looping Through All the Keys in a Dictionary
user_0 ={
‘username’: ‘efermi’,
‘first’: ‘enrico’,
‘last’: ‘fermi’,
}
for key,value in user_0.items():

print(“\nKey: ” +key) OR
print(“Value: ” +value)
for k,v in user_0.items():

print(“\nKey: ” +k)
print(“Value: ” +v)
09/12/201 PYTHON RASH 7
8 C COURSE 6

Looping Through All the Key-Value Pairs
}
for name,language in favorite_languages.items():

print(name.title()+”’s favorite language is “+
language.title()+”.”)
Output:
Jen’s favorite language is Python.
Sarah’s favorite language is C.
Edward’s favorite language is Ruby.
09/1P2/h20i1l’8sfavorite language is PPYyTHthOoNnC.RASHCOURSE 7
7
Prepared by: NG HUI QUN

}
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
print(name.title())
Output:
Jen
Sarah
Edward
09/12P/2h
01i8 PYTHON CRASH 7
l COURSE 8

}
friends={‘phil’, ’sarah’}
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
print(name.title())
if name in friends:
print(“ Hi”+ name.title()+
“, I see your favorite language is “+
favorite_languages[name].title()+”!”)
8 COURSE

Output:
Jen
Sarah
Hi Sarah, I see your favorite language is C!
Edward
Phil
Hi Phil, I see your favorite language is Python!

8 COURSE

}
if ‘erin’not in favorite_languages.keys():
print (“Erin, please take our poll!”);
Output:
Erin, please take our poll!

8 COURSE

Looping Through a Dictionary's Keys in
Order
 A dictionary links each key and its associated value, but you
never get the items from a dictionary in any predictable
order.
 You can return the item in a certain order by sorting the keys
as they’re return in the for loop- by using sorted()
function

8 COURSE

Looping Through a Dictionary's Keys in
Order
}
for name in sorted(favorite_languages.keys()):
print(name.title())
Output:
Edward
Jen
Phil
09S/1a2/2r0a18 PYTHON CRASH 8
COURSE 3
h

Looping Through All Values in a Dictionary
}
printf(“The following languages have been mentioned:”)
for language in favorite_languages.values()):
print(language.title())
Output:
The following languages have been mentioned:
Python
C
Python
0R
9/1u
2/b
20y
1 PYTHON CRASH COURSE
8 8
4

Looping Through All Values in a Dictionary
}
printf(“The following languages have been mentioned:”)
for language in set(favorite_languages.values()):
print(language.title())
Output:
The following languages have been mentioned:
Python
C
Ruby
8 COURSE
NESTING
A List of Dictionaries
alien_0={‘color’:‘green’,‘points’:5}
alien_1={‘color’:‘yellow’,‘points’:10}
alien_2={‘color’:‘red’, ‘points’:15}
aliens=[alien_0, alien_1,alien_2]
for alien in aliens:

print(alien)
Output:

{‘color’: ‘yellow’, ‘points’:10}
{‘color’: ‘red’, ‘points’:15}
8 COURSE
NESTING
#Make an empty list for storing aliens.
aliens =[]
#Make 30 green aliens.
for alien_number in range(30):
new_alien={‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’:5, ‘speed’:
‘slow’}
aliens.append(new_alien)
#Show the first 5 aliens.

for alien in aliens[:5]:
print(alien)
print(“…”)
#Show how many aliens have been created
print( “Total number of aliens: ”+ str(len(aliens)))

8 COURSE
NESTING
Output:
{’speed’: ‘slow’, ‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’:5}

…
Total number of aliens: 30

8 COURSE
NESTING
A List of Dictionaries (Change the First Three Items
#Make an empty list for storing aliens.
aliens=[]
#Make 30 green aliens.
for alien_number in range(30):
new_alien={‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’:5, ‘speed’:‘slow’}
aliens.append(new_alien)
for alien in aliens[0:3]:
if alien[‘color’] == ‘green’:
alien[‘color’] =‘yellow’
alien[‘speed’] =‘medium’
alien[‘points’]= 10
#Show the first 5 aliens.

for alien in aliens[:5]:
print(alien)
print(“…”)

8 COURSE
NESTING
Output:
{’speed’: ‘medium’, ‘color’: ‘yellow’, ‘points’:10}

…
Total number of aliens: 30

8 COURSE
FILLING A DICTIONARY WITH USER INPUT (EXAMPLE)

responses = {}
polling_active = True
while polling_active:
name = input("\nWhat is your name? ")
response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ")
responses[name] = response
repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ")
if repeat == 'no':
polling_active = False
print("\n--- Poll Results ---")

for name, response in responses.items():
print(name + " would like to climb " + response + ".")
8 COURSE
FILLING A DICTIONARY WITH USER INPUT (EXAMPLE) (CONT.)
 Output:
What is your name? Eric

Which mountain would you like to climb someday? Denali
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) yes
What is your name? Lynn

Which mountain would you like to climb someday? Devil's Thumb
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) no
--- Poll Results ---

Lynn would like to climb Devil's Thumb.
Eric would like to climb Denali.
8 COURSE
EXERCISE
 Write a Python program that uses a loop to prompt user to
key-in name & marks of student & store the details using a
dictionary
 In while the loop, append the dictionary to a list named
list_student
 The program continues repetition when user enter ‘Y’ or
‘y’; otherwise it stops.
 After exiting the loop, print the average marks
Save as List_of_Dictionaries.py

8 COURSE
EXERCISE
 Sample output:
--- This program scans detail of students ---

Name: Susan
Marks: 20
Continue? (Y/y): y
Name: Fred
Marks: 30
Continue? (Y/y): Y
Name: Jane
Marks: 40
Continue? (Y/y): n
Average marks = 30.00

8 COURSE
PYTHON CRASH COURSE
DATAVISUALIZATION

8 COURSE
INSTALLING MATPLOTLIB (WINS)
1)Right-click This PC > Properties

2)At the left, click Advanced system settings
3)Click Environment Variables > New...
Path name: PATH
Path value: C:\Users\PCName\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32;
C:\Users\PCName\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\Scripts
4)Restart PC
5)Go to cmd (Admin)
6) Type $python
You should be able to see the version of Python
NOTE: Path value may vary, depending on the file location

8 COURSE
INSTALLING MATPLOTLIB (WINS) (CONT.)
7) Open new cmd (Admin)

At cmd (Admin), type these commands:
C:\WINDOWS\system32 >python -m pip install -U pip
C:\WINDOWS\system32 >pip install matplotlib
SUMMARY:
1.Add Python folder to system path
2.Upgrade pip using command prompt
3. Install matplotlib using 'pip install matplotlib'

8 COURSE
INSTALLING MATPLOTLIB (LINUX)
$ sudo apt-get install python3-matplotlib
If you’re running Python 2.7, use this line:

$ sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib
Then use pip to install matplotlib:

$ pip install --user matplotlib

8 COURSE
DATA VISUALIZATION
 Making beautiful representations of data.

 To see patterns and significance of your datasets.
 Python is used for data-intensive work in genetics, climate
research, political and economic analysis.
 Example tools in Python for data visualization: matplotlib and
Pygal.
 matplotlib :mathematical plotting library. To make simple plots
such as line graphs and scatter plots.
 Pygal: creating visualisation that works well on digital devices.
 https://ehmatthes.github.io/pcc/solutions/chapter_16.html

8 COURSE
PLOTTING A SIMPLE LINE GRAPH

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
squares=[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
plt.plot(squares)
plt.show()
PLOTTING A SIMPLE ARRAY

squares=[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
plt.plot(squares,linewidth=5)
#Set chart title and label axes
plt.title(“Square Number”, fontsize=24)
plt.xlabel(“Value”,fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel(“Square of Value”,fontsize=14)
# Set size of tick labels.
plt.tick_params(axis=‘both’,labelsize=14)
plt.show()
8 COURSE
CORRECTING THE PLOT

input_values=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squares=[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
plt.plot(input_value, squares, linewidth=5)


plt.tick_params(axis=‘both’,labelsize=14)
plt.show()
8 COURSE
CALCULATING DATA AUTOMATICALLY

x_values= list(range(1, 1001))

y_values =[x**2 for x in x_values]


plt.tick_param(axis=‘both’,labelsize=14)
plt.scatter (x_values, y_values, s=40)

plt.axis ([0,1100,0,1100000])
plt.show()
8 COURSE
DEFINING CUSTOM COLORS




plt.scatter (x_values, y_values, c=‘red’,

edgecolor=‘none’,s=40)
plt.axis ([0,1100,0,1100000])
plt.show()
09/12/2018
COURSE
PYTHON CRASH 10
0
USING A COLORMAP



plt.scatter (x_values, y_values, c=y_values,

cmap=plt.cm.Blues, s=40)
plt.axis ([0,1100,0,1100000])
plt.show()
09/12/2018
COURSE
PYTHON CRASH 10
1
Prepared by: NG HUI QUN &MUKRIMAH NAWIR Download the sitka_weather_07-2014.csv
READING CSV FILE at the link:
https://github.com/Malekai/Downloading-Data
import csv & save it to the folder where you store the code
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from datetime import datetime Code name:mpl_read_sitka_weather.py
filename='sitka_weather_07-2014.csv'
with open(filename) as f:
reader = csv.reader(f)
header_row = next(reader)
dates, highs = [], []

for row in reader:
current_date = datetime.strptime(row[0], "%Y-%m-%d")
dates.append(current_date)
highs.append(int(row[1]))
# Plot data.
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.plot(dates, highs, c='blue')
# Format plot.
fig.autofmt_xdate() #draw the date labels diagonally
#to prevent them from overlapping.
plt.title("Daily high temperatures, July 2014", fontsize=24)
plt.xlabel('', fontsize=16)
plt.ylabel("Temperature (F)", fontsize=16)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=16)
plt.show()
COURSE 6
THE DATETIME MODULE

 Data will be read as a string, so data will be read in as a string.
 Using the strptime() method from the datetime module.
 First argument is the date and the second tell how the date is formatted.

8 COURSE 7

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Prepared by: NG HUI QUN &MUKRIMAH NAWIR

School of Computer and Communication Engineering

Organized by School of Computer and Communication Engineering

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 1

PYTHON CRASH COURSE

10.00am Introduction and Working withLISTS 12.00pm

12.00pm IF Statements 1.00pm

2.00pm User Input and While loops 3.00pm

3.00pm Functions 4.00pm

4.00pm Dictionaries and Data Visualization 5.15pm

PYTHON CRASH COURSE

 print (“Hello Python World!”)

message = “Hello Python Crash Course World!”

RULES &GUIDELINES - VARIABLES

 Contain only letters, numbers, and underscores

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 5

String with Methods

print(Name.lower()) mukrimah nawir

message='One of Python's strengths is its diverse community.'

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 8

 Number Eight: Write addition, subtraction, multiplication and

PYTHON CRASH COURSE

Accessing Elements in a List

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

INTRODUCTION TO LISTS (CONT.)

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 14

WORKING WITH LISTS

MAKING NUMERICAL LIST

MAKING NUMERICA LISTS (CONT.)

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 21

WORKING WITH PART OF A LIST

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 22

WORKING WITH PART OF A LIST (CONT.)

 The last three players on the list.

WORKING WITH PART OF A LIST (CONT.)

Output: The first three players:

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 24

WORKING WITH PART OF A LIST (CONT.)

my_foods =[‘pizza’,`falafel’,`carrot cake’]

print(“My favorite foods are:”)

print(“\n My friend’s favorite foods are:”)

My friend’s favorite foods are:

 What if we try to change one of the items?

09/12/2018 PYTHON CRASH COURSE

Writing over a Tuple

STYLING YOUR CODE

 Instruct programmers on how to style your code.

 Write clear code from the start.

 However, people often use tabs rather than spaces to indent.

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 28

Buffet: A buffet-style restaurant offers only five basic foods. Think

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 29

PYTHON CRASH COURSE

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 31

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 32

CONDITIONAL TESTS (CONT.)

requested_topping = 'mushrooms' Output:

>>> age = 19 >>> age = 19 >>> age = 19 >>> age = 19

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 33

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 35

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 36

09/12/201 PYTHON CRASH 37