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5G Air Interface
5G Air Interface
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5G New Radio
Rel-15 Rel-16
5G includes:
• New Radio • Next-generation core network
• LTE Advanced Pro evolution • EPC evolution
Number of
Throughput Delay
connections
GAP
100x 30x - 50x 100x
5G 1 ms 1 million
10 Gbit/s connections/km2
5G (F-OFDM): Subcarrier
bandwidth can flexibly
adapt to the packet sizes
5G of different QoE
applications.
F-OFDM resource allocation
OFDM F-OFDM
Fixed subcarrier spacing (SCS) Flexible SCS
Service adaptation
Fixed cyclic prefix (CP) Flexible CP
Minimum guard bandwidth
High spectral efficiency 10% of guard bandwidth
of one subcarrier
5G NR Physical Resource
1 5G Numerology
2 Time-Domain Resources
3 Frequency-Domain Resources
4 Space-Domain Resources
Time- CP
domain Basic scheduling unit
5G Numerology
N sc subcarriers
N scRB subcarriers
– Basic scheduling unit for data channel
– Frequency domain: 12 contiguous subcarriers
RB
Resource Block Group (RBG)
Resource element
N RB
– Basic scheduling unit for data channel, to reduce control channel overheads
(k , l )
Resource block
– Frequency domain: {2, 4, 8, 16} RBs
Resource Element Group (REG)
– Basic unit involved in control channel resource allocation
– Time domain: 1 symbol, frequency domain: 12 subcarriers (1 PRB)
Control Channel Element (CCE)
– Basic scheduling unit involved in control channel resource allocation
– Frequency domain: 1 CCE = 6 REGs = 6 PRBs k 0
– CCE aggregation level: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
l 0 l 14 2 1
Flexibility Example
good bad
Case 1 Different spectrum Sub-6 GHz, mmWave Coverage
bad good
Case 2 Multiple services eMBB, URLLC, mMTC Mobility
28 GHz bad good
Case 3 Multiple scenarios Low/high Speed Phase Noise
bad good
Latency
1 Numerology
3 Frequency-Domain Resources
4 Space-Domain Resources
SCS = 15 kHz
T_slot = 1ms (14 symbols)
CP data …
Parameter/Numerology (µ) 0 1 2 3 4
T_symbol
SCS (kHz):
15 30 60 120 240
SCS = 15 x 2^(µ)
T_slot = 0.5ms (14 symbols)
SCS = 30 kHz
OFDM symbol for data duration (us):
66.67 33.33 16.67 8.33 4.17
T_data = 1/SCS
…
CP Duration (µs):
4.69 2.34 1.17 0.59 0.29
T_cp = 144/2048*T_data T_symbol
SCS = 60 kHz
Slot Length (ms):
1 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625
T_slot = 1/2^(µ)
…
T_symbol
15 14 1 10
30 14 2 20
60 14 4 40
120 14 8 80
240 14 16 160
480 14 32 320
D U X
D X X U D X U D X U D X U D X U
– Uplink self-contained slot includes uplink scheduling – High requirements on UE hardware processing
information and uplink data.
– Frequent uplink/downlink switching increases the GP overhead.
DL control – In the downlink, only the retransmission delay is reduced.
• E2E delay depends on many factors, including the core network and air
D U interface.
• The delay on the air interface side is also limited by the uplink/downlink
UL grant frame configuration, and the processing delay on the gNodeB and UE.
D D D D D D D D DX U
D U
D
4. DCI
1 Numerology
2 Time-Domain Resources
4 Space-Domain Resources
Frequency
range Frequency Range 1 (FR1) Frequency Range 2 (FR2)
5G frequency band
3GPP TS 38.101 mainly defines NR frequency bands.
NR and LTE have some frequency bands in same but the
frequencies are represented in different ways.
N sc subcarriers
N scRB subcarriers
– Basic scheduling unit for data channel
– Frequency domain: 12 contiguous subcarriers
Resource Block Group (RBG)
RB
Resource element
N RB
– Basic scheduling unit for data channel, to reduce control channel overheads
– Frequency domain: {2, 4, 8, 16} RBs (k , l )
Resource block
Resource Element Group (REG)
– Basic unit involved in control channel resource allocation
– Time domain: 1 symbol, frequency domain: 12 subcarriers (1 PRB)
Control Channel Element (CCE)
– Basic scheduling unit involved in control channel resource allocation
– Frequency domain: 1 CCE = 6 REGs = 6 PRBs k 0
– CCE aggregation level: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 l 0 l 14 2 1
Channel Edge
Channel Edge
Transmission
Bandwidth [RB]
66 132 264 N/A
60
Resource Block
95% 95% 95% \
32 66 132 264
120 f
92.2% 95% 95% 95% Active Resource
Blocks
BWP 1
#1 #2 #3
BWP Numerology Numerology 2
1
BWP 2 BWP1 BWP 2
BWP Bandwidth
• ΔFRaster is the channel raster granularity, which may be equal to or larger than ΔFGlobal.
-- The channel raster for each operating band is recommended as below (Section 4.3.1.3 in TR38.817-01)
FR1 FR2
Bands
Sub2.4G 2.6G~6G 24.25G~52.6G
Channel raster 100kHz 15kHz 60kHz
1 Numerology
2 Time-Domain Resources
3 Frequency-Domain Resources
5G NR Physical Resource
1 Overview
2 Application on 18B
PDCCH DMRS for PDSCH PDSCH SSB CSI-RS GP UL (SRS) PUSCH PUCCH DMRS for PUSCH PRACH
BWP
1 Overview
Frequency
CORESET
PDSCH
frequency difference from the lowest
SSB
Initial DL BWP PRB of RMSI to the lowest PRB of
SS/PBCH block.
Frequency offset
Time
Initial BWP
Flexible SS/PBCH
position
Carrier
center
PSS SSS
1 RB
aggregate 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs to constitute a PDCCH –
PDCCH
SFI-RNTI (slot format)
for UE blind detection PDSCH – INT-RNTI (resource pre-emption)
8 CCEs – TPC-PUSCH-RNTI (PUSCH
power control command)
4 CCEs
– TPC-PUCCH-RNTI (PUCCH
2 CCEs
power control command)
– TPC-SRS-RNTI (SRS power
1 CCE control command)
CCE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
18B supports maximum 2 layers spatial multiplexing of PDCCH
Slot
– Type2: Single-symbol: 6, dual-symbol: 12 Slot
k l 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 k l 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Used for channel state information (CSI) measurement. The UE reports the following content:
CSI obtaining
CQI, PMI, rank indicator (RI), layer Indicator (LI)
Channel quality Used for beam measurement. The UE reports the following content:
Beam management
measurement L1-RSRP and CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI)
RLM/RRM Used for radio link monitoring (RLM) and radio resource management (handover). The UE
measurement reports the following content: L1-RSRP
Time-frequency offset tracing (TRS) Used for precise time-frequency offset tracing.
DL Peak throughput = 33200 * 8 (256QAM) * 0.92 * 8 / 0.0005 * 0.8 (DL/(UL+DL))* 90% ≈ 2.8G
Waveform Modulation mode Codeword Number of Layers RB Resource Allocation PAPR Application Scenario
QPSK, 16QAM, Contiguous/
CP-OFDM 1 1–4 High At/near the cell center
64QAM, 256QAM non-contiguous
π /2-BPSK, QPSK,
At the cell edge
DFT-S-OFDM 16QAM, 64QAM, 1 1 Contiguous Low
(achieving gain by using a low PAPR)
256QAM
5G NR Physical Resource
RAN WG2
SA WG2 CT WG3
Radio Layer 2 spec
Architecture Interworking with external networks
Radio Layer 3 RR spec
RAN WG3
SA WG3 CT WG4
lub spec, lur spec, lu spec UTRAN O&M
Security MAP/GTP/BCH/SS
requirements (transmission interfaces)
RAN WG4 SA WG4 CT WG6
Radio Performance Protocol aspects Codec Smart Card Application Aspects
RAN WG5 SA WG5
Mobile Terminal Conformance Testing Telecom Management
RAN WG6 SA WG6 TSGs are responsible for
Legacy RAN radio and protocol Mission-critical applications 3GPP standard finalization.
TS 38.3XX
TS 38.2XX TS 37.324(SDAP) TS 38.4XX TS 38.1XX
TS 37.340 (DC)
• TS:Technical Specification
3GPP standard finalization goes through 2 phases, which are SI (Study Item, for the technical feasibility study) and WI (Work Item, for
technical specification composition). The output for SI is TR, while for WI is TS.
Logical channels
Layer 2
Medium Access Control NR; Physical layer services provided by
TS 38.202
(MAC) the physical layer
Transport channels
TS 38.211 NR; Physical channels and modulation
Layer 1 Physical layer
Physical TS 38.212 NR; Multiplexing and channel coding
Layer NR; Physical layer procedures for
TS 38.213
Quoted from 3GPP TS38.201 control
TS 38.214 NR; Physical layer procedures for data
TS 38.215 NR; Physical layer measurements
• TS:Technical Specification
Copyright©2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 55 / 52
Protocol Study Suggestion
RP TR38.912
5G NR
RAN1 TR38.802 Air RAN2 TR38.804
interface Air TS38.3XX (7TSs)
TS38.2XX (7TSs) technology interface
(L1) technology TS37.324
(L2/L3) TS37.340
RAN3 TR38.801 5G
SA2 TR23.799
TS38.401 TS38.41X (5TSs) RAN
Network
Network TS23.501
interface
TS38.42X (6TSs) architecture TS23.502
TS38.47X (6TSs)