BORING

• The operation of boring differs from drilling is that it

implies the enlargement of an already existing hole.
• The operation of boring is usually performed by a single
point cutting tool.
• The hole can be due to previous drilling or produced in
casting or forging.
• Both through & blind holes can be bored either on a lathe
or on a boring machine tool.
• When small holes are to be bored particularly in small
jobs, which can be conveniently held in chucks or face
plates, the operation of boring can easily be done on
Centre lathe or capstan & turret lathes of medium in
size.
• For large & heavy jobs special boring machines are to be
used which makes the operation easy & efficient.
 Horizontal boring machine
• In a horizontal boring machine, the work is
supported on a table which is stationary and the
tool revolves in a horizontal axis.
• The horizontal boring machine can perform
boring, reaming, turning, threading, facing,
milling, grooving, recessing and many other
operations with suitable tools.
• Work pieces which are heavy, irregular,
unsymmetrical or bulky can be conveniently held
and machined.
 Boring tools & Bars
• The tools used in boring work are of mainly two
types:
Rotating type
Non-Rotating type
• Of the two types , the first kind is used when it is
inconvenient to rotate the work on account of it’s
awkward shape or similar other reasons.
• On the other type when the work is of such
nature that it can be conveniently rotated, the
second type is preferred
• Few common type of boring tools are:
Forged solid tools
Boring bars
Boring tools inserted teeth
Boring head or Center head
 Forged solid tools:
• They provide probably, the quickest method of
boring in small jobs on centre, capstan and turret
lathes.
• They are generally forged out of tool steel and then
ground to correct angles.
• They are made in pairs, consisting of a rough and
finishing tool.
• These tools are held either in slide rest, turret head
or sometimes in tail stock.
• The work is held in a chuck or face plate and
revolved, the tool being fed into the job by moving
the slide rest, turret slide or in tail stock spindle.
Rough boring tool Finish boring tool
• Boring bars:
• when we have to machine long holes, boring bars
are commonly used.
• These bars are generally cylindrical in shape and
carry a slot to accommodate the tool bit.
• The commonly used types of boring bars are
• One has tool bit projecting in front of its end. It
used for boring blind holes.
• the second one carries a slot for fixing the bit at
some from the end of the bar.
• These boring bars are possible to held on a centre
lathe, turret lathe as well as on a boring machine.
• In case of a boring machine ordinary boring
operations are carried out with tools mounted on
a bar held in spindle having morse taper hole.
• The maximum diameter of the bar employed is
not more than the spindle diameter.
The different methods of supporting bars are
described below.
• Supported by spindle:
• For boring blind holes, bars are used to be
supported at the spindle end only. This type of
bar is called as stub bar.
• Supported by spindle & end column:
• while boring long open holes, boring bars are
supported at the spindle end and by a bearing
block at the other end mounted on the end
supporting column.
• This type of bar is called Line bar.
• Supported by the work piece: in some types of
work, the bar may be supported in the bored
holes of the work by bushings.
• This type of support takes much of setting time,
used in stray jobs where one or two similar
articles are machined
• Supported by boring fixtures:
• In mass production work boring jigs are used.
They locate, guide and support the bars at
intermediate points
• Boring bars are used for boring smaller diameter
holes.
• Boring head or cutter head: the boring heads
used for mounting cutters while machining large
diameter holes where a standard boring bar is
unsuitable due to smaller diameter.
• It consists of a circular body which can be keyed
to the boring bar at any desired position along it’s
length.
• Two or three square slots are made radially in the
body.
• Cutters are fitted in these slots and are secured in
position by means of setscrews.
A simple boring head