PRESENTATION ON : ARQ METHOD

SUBMITTED BY: SANTOSH KUMAR SAHU

0124EC071095
VII SEMESTER
 CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DEFINITION
3. TYPES OF ARQ METHODS
• GO BACK-n
• STOP AND WAIT
• SELECTIVE REPEATE

4. APPLICATION OF ARQ METHOD

5. CONCLUSION
In information theory and coding theory with applications in computer
science and telecommunication, error detection and correction or error control are
techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over
unreliable communication channel. Many communication channels are subject
to channel noise, and thus errors may be introduced during transmission from the
source to a receiver. Error detection techniques allow detecting such errors, while
error correction enables reconstruction of the original data.

The general definitions of the terms are as follows:

Error detection: is the detection of errors caused by noise or other impairments

during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver.
Error correction: is the detection of errors and reconstruction of the original, error-
free data.
 DEFINITION
Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ), also known as Automatic
Repeat Query, is an error-control method for data transmission
that uses acknowledgements (messages sent by the receiver
indicating that the it has correctly received a data frame or
packet) and timeouts (specified periods of time allowed) .

Automatic repeat request (ARQ) is a protocol for error control

in data transmission. When the receiver detects an error in
a packet, it automatically requests the transmitter to resend the
packet. This process is repeated until the packet is error free or
the error continues beyond a predetermined number of
transmissions. ARQ is sometimes used with Global System for
Mobile (GSM) communication to guarantee data integrity.
 TYPES OF ARQ METHODS

1. GO BACK-n ARQ METHOD

2. STOP AND WAIT ARQ METHOD
3. SELECTIVE REPEATE ARQ METHOD
 Go-Back-N ARQ
Go-Back-N ARQ is a specific instance of
the Automatic-repeate-reQuest(ARQ) Protocol, in
which the sending process continues to send a
number of frames specified by a window size even
without receiving an ACK packet from the receiver. It
is a special case of the general sliding window
protocol with the transmit window size of N and
receive window size of 1.
Go-Back-N
Sender has to buffer all unacknowledged packets,
because they may require retransmission.
Receiver may be able to accept out-of-order packets,
but only up to its buffer limits.
The sender needs to set timers in order to know when
to retransmit a packet that may have been lost
Example
Stop-and-wait ARQ is the simplest kind of Automatic
repeat request(ARQ) method. A stop-and-wait ARQ sender
sends one frame at a time; it is a special case of the
general sliding window protocol with both transmit and
receive window sizes equal to 1. After sending each frame,
the sender doesn't send any further frames until it receives
an ACK (acknowledgement) signal. After receiving a good
frame, the receiver sends an ACK. If the ACK does not
reach the sender before a certain time, known as the
timeout, the sender sends the same frame again.
 ACK lost
NORMAL OPERATION

Sender Receiver
Frame 1
ACK 1

Frame 2
ACK 2

Frame 3
ACK 3
Frame 3
ACK 3
Frame 4
ACK 4
FRAME LOST
ACK Time
LOSTout

Sender Receiver
Frame 1
ACK 1

Frame 2
ACK 2

Frame 3
Time out
ACK 3
Frame 3
ACK 3
Frame 4
ACK 4
DELAYED ACK
 Selective Repeat ARQ / Selective Reject ARQ is a
specific instance of the ARQ Protocol. It may be used
as a protocol for the delivery and acknowledgement of
message units, or it may be used as a protocol for the
delivery of subdivided message sub-units.
We can conclude by saying that Error detection and
correction or error control are techniques that enable
reliable delivery of digital data over
unreliable communication channel.