PALATOSKISIS

DEFINITION
is a congenital abnormality of the lips and sky (palate) or
both together, which can occur in various forms from
mild to severe. Clefts occur due to united tissue that
forms lips and palate during the first trimester of
pregnancy (Middleton and Pannbacker, 1997).
EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Prevalence about 1 - 2 /1000 birth over the world
 Asians are more numerous than Caucasians, or
Blacks. Men are more often than women.
 The gap ratio on one side compared to the two-
sided gap is 2: 1.
ETIOLOGY
• The cause of the gap is multifactorial (combined genetics and
environment).

• Environmental factors in uterus;

- Smoking and Alcoholism
- Drugs (aspirin, talidomid, fenitoin, metotreksat, natrium valproat, etc.)
- Nutritional deficiency
- Infection (rubella)
DEVELOPMENT
OF THE PALATE
CLASSIFICATION
Classification by American Cleft Association is :
 Primary Palatum Fissum (anterior):
- lip
- Alveols

 Secondary Palatum Fissum (posterior):

- Hard palate cleft (durum)
- Soft palate cleft (molle)
- Uvula

Cracks can be complete or not, involving the entire

anatomical structure or not, unilateral or bilateral.
COMPLICATION

1. Difficulties in nutrient intake.

2. Detention to speech functions such as hypernasal
speak, articulation is less clear.
3. Ear infections and hearing loss.
4. Nasal sinus infection, tonsil and adenoid
hypertrophy.
5. Malformation, malposition, and tooth loss.
6. Cosmetic problems
DIAGNOSIS

 Physical examination
 USG
MANAGEMENT

• Fixing nutritions supply

• Treat infection
• Correcting cleft with surgery procedurue
• Overall management involves various disciplines;
(maxillophasic surgeons, otolaryngologists,
pedodontists, orthodontists, prosthodontists,
human geneticists, psychologists, and social
workers).