JRC Exploratory Research 2016

SASLAB

Sustainability Assessment of Second Life

Application of Automotive Batteries

Batteries2020 Workshop

• Franco Di Persio, and Andreas Pfrang

(JRC, IET - F02, Petten)
• Silvia Bobba, Fabrice Mathieux (JRC,
IES – H08, Ispra)
• Maarten Messagie (VUBrussels)

1
 Definition and initialization of re-purposing
systems
- Analysis of existing / pilot systems
• Literature analysis
• International projects (e.g. SUNBATT, Second Life Batteries project,
AlpStore, ABattRelife, etc.)

• LCA methodological approach

• Key parameters for assessing the environmental performances of
second-life applications of batteries (e.g. lifetime, DOD, temperature,
chemistry, cycles, etc.)
• Different reuse scenarios for EVs batteries

1
 Definition and initialization of re-purposing
systems
- Analysis of existing / pilot systems
• Understanding of the whole chain of processes
 Characterization of current practices/processes to clearly define and
understand the system in order to establish the system boundaries
(technological, geographical, etc.)

2
 Definition and initialization of re-purposing
systems
- Analysis of existing / pilot systems
• Understanding of the whole chain of processes
 Identification of the key actors of the battery chain
 Contact/interview/collect information from key actors of the battery chain

3
 Definition and initialization of re-purposing
systems
- Analysis of existing / pilot systems
• Understanding of the whole chain of processes
 Questionnaires (developed based on Ardente et al. 2015)
 Car companies
 Waste batteries collectors
 Repurposing companies
 Actors using re-purposed
batteries
 Experts
 Interviews outcome
 CRF (03/2016)
 Renault: limited feedback
 Peugeot: no feedback
 Sitbat: we are in contact with them

4
 Definition and initialization of re-purposing
systems
- Analysis of existing / pilot systems
• LCA literature review
 There are already examples of LCA of EVs batteries
(even from-cradle-to-grave)
 Different scenarios of energy storage are considered:
 Stationary storage
 Intermittent Renewable Energy Supply (RES) systems
 Residential Demand/Response service

5
 Definition and initialization of re-purposing
systems
- Analysis of existing / pilot systems
• LCA literature review
 Li-ion batteries (LMO / LFP / )
 Impact categories:
 Climate change
 Mineral resource depletion
 Human Toxicity
 Particulate Matter Formation
 System boundaries:
 Production process (raw materials extraction, transportation, assembly)
 Use phase  first life / second life / key parameters (e.g. temperature /
degradation / lifetime / DOD / …)
 EoL  usually recycling process is considered

6
 Definition and initialization of re-purposing
systems
- Environmental assessment: open questions
• Functional unit
• Battery chemistry (LFP, LMO, NCA) and battery key parameters
• System boundaries based on
 the literature review and
 the interviews outcomes
 To be clarified soon:
 First life: from literature?
 Second-life: our data
 Recycling /disposal phase: from literature?
• Definition of the base-case scenario and of the comparison scenarios
• Impact categories:
 ILCD/PEF recommendations will be used for the LCIA
 Specific impact categories

7
 Definition and initialization of re-purposing
systems
- Economic assessment: open questions
• Share of market / evolution
• Existing economic assessment concerning batteries second-life
application (e.g. Saez et al., 2015; Heymans et al., 2014; Gruber et al.,
2011; Viswanathan and Meyer, 2011; Wolfs, 2010; …)

Global EV Outlook (2015) Saez-de-Ibarra (2015)

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 Thank you for the attention…

Sustainability Assessment of Second Life Application

of Automotive Batteries (SASLAB)