Use of DBMS

in
SportsOrganization
 Database management system
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that
controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows
organizations to place control of database development in the hands of
database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A DBMS is a system
software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and
files known as databases. It allows different user application programs to easily
access the same database. DBMSs may use any of a variety of database models,
such as the network model or relational model. In large systems, a DBMS allows
users and other software to store and retrieve data in a structured way. Instead
of having to write computer programs to extract information, user can ask
simple questions in a query language. Thus, many DBMS packages provide
Fourth-generation programming language (4GLs) and other application
development features. It helps to specify the logical organization for a database
and access and use the information within a database. It provides facilities for
controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency, and
restoring the database from backups. A DBMS also provides the ability to
logically present database information to users.
 How DBMS Works?
• A DBMS is a set of software programs that controls the organization, storage,
management, and retrieval of data in a database. DBMSs are categorized
according to their data structures or types. The DBMS accepts requests for data
from an application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the
appropriate data. The queries and responses must be submitted and received
according to a format that conforms to one or more applicable protocols. When a
DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the
organization's information requirements change. New categories of data can be
added to the database without disruption to the existing system.

• Database servers are computers that hold the actual databases and run only the
DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor
computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage.
Hardware database accelerators, connected to one or more servers via a high-
speed channel, are also used in large volume transaction processing
environments. DBMSs are found at the heart of most database applications.
DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-in networking
support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to
provide these functions.
How DBMS works?
 Major Elements of DBMS
• There are four extremely important elements that are associated with almost all the DBMS, which are currently
available in the market.-
• First element is the implementation of some language (modeling), this language acts as the basic language of all the
databases managed by that particular DBMS. There are various approaches which are common in use, examples
include- hierarchical, relational, object and network approaches. This modeling language acts as a medium through
which various databases communicate with the particular DBMS system.
• Second element is the data structure. This element is also administered by particular DBMS. This function organizes
data in many formats; examples of the organizations include- files, objects like visual media, records/profiles, fields
and the respective definitions. With data structures, DBMS get ability to interact with a particular data without
making any damage to the data integrity.
• Third important component of DBMS is the language for data query. This third element has extremely important uses
in maintenance of security of a particular database. This element works on three basic principals – by analyzing the
use of the data, by assigning the rights of access and finally by defining the criteria of adding the data to a system.
Data query is compatible to data structures, in terms of its working. This feature enables it to prevent the irrelevant
entry of the data in any particular database of the system.
• Last component of DBMS is the mechanism of transactions. This feature enables the multiple users to access
(concurrent and multiple) the database, moreover it restricts the manipulation of a particular record by two different
users at a particular point of time. Finally, it prevents the construction of the duplicate records. Most traditional form
of the DBMS was launched in the year of 1970. It was first mentioned in the “Codd’s paper” for relational databases.
From this form of DBMS, RDBMS (stands for relational database management system) was created, which was much
more useful then actual DBMS. Most of the databases which are available these days are RDBMS.
 Examples of database management
systems
• Microsoft Access
• Microsoft Jet Database Engine (part of Microsoft Access)
• Microsoft SQL Server
• Microsoft SQL Server Express
• Microsoft Visual FoxPro
• MonetDB
• mSQL
• MySQL
• Netezza
• NonStop SQL
• Openbase
• OpenLink Virtuoso (Open Source Edition)
• OpenLink Virtuoso Universal Server
• Oracle
• Oracle Rdb for OpenVMS
• Panorama
• Pervasive
• PostgreSQL
• Progress Software
• RDM Embedded
 Advantages of DBMS
• Controlling redundancy
• Providing storage structure for efficient query
processing.
• Restricting unauthorized users.
• Providing concurrency.
• Providing backup and recovery.
• Enforcing integrity constraints.
 ADVANTAGES of DBMS
• Flexibility: Because programs and data are independent, programs do not have to be modified
when types of unrelated data are added to or deleted from the database, or when physical storage
changes.

• Fast response to information requests: Because data are integrated into a single database, complex
requests can be handled much more rapidly then if the data were located in separate, non-
integrated files. In many businesses, faster response means better customer service.

• Multiple access: Database software allows data to be accessed in a variety of ways (such as through
various key fields) and often, by using several programming languages (both 3GL and
nonprocedural 4GL programs).

• Lower user training costs: Users often find it easier to learn such systems and training costs may be
reduced. Also, the total time taken to process requests may be shorter, which would increase user
productivity.

• Less storage: Theoretically, all occurrences of data items need be stored only once, thereby
eliminating the storage of redundant data. System developers and database designers often use
data normalization to minimize data redundancy.
 Disavantages of DBMS
• Centralization:That is use of the same
program at a time by many user sometimes
lead to loss of some data.
• High cost of software.
• Technical experties are required
• power dependency
• security issues
 Uses of DBMS in different sectors
• Banking: For customer information, accounts loans and banking transactions.

• Airlines: For reservations and schedule information. Airlines were among the first
to use database in a geographically disturbed manner-terminals situated around
the world accessed the central database system through phone lines and other
data networks.

• Universities: For student information, course registrations and grades.

• Credit card transactions: For purchases on credit cards and generation of monthly
statements.

• Telecommunications: For keeping records of calls made, generating monthly bills,

maintaining balances on prepaid calling cards and storing information about the
communication networks.
 Uses of DBMS in different sectors
• Finance: For storing information about holdings, sales and purchase
of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds.

• Sales: For customer, product and purchase information.

• Manufacturing: For management of supply chain and for tracking

production of items in factories, inventories of items in
warehouses/stores and orders for items.

• Human Resources: For information about employees, salaries,

payroll taxes and benefits and for generation of paychecks.

• Web based services:For taking web users

feedback,responses,resource sharing etc.
Use of DBMS in CWG 10