Multi-Vendor 2G RAN Optimization

Topics Day1
 Parameter configuration
 Recall the Huawei BSS parameter database structure
 Explain the usage of parameter templates
 Explain how parameters are updated and maintained in Huawei BSS
 Radio Common Channel Management
 GBFD-111002 Radio Link Management
 GBFD-111003 Radio Common Channel Management
 GBFD-111004 Radio Dedicated Channel Management
 GBFD-511501 Multiple CCCHs
 GBFD-511101 Load Based Handover Enhancement on Iur-g
 Power Control
 GBFD-110703 Enhanced Power Control Algorithm
 GBFD-117601 HUAWEI III Power Control Algorithm
 GBFD-118103 Network Support SAIC
 GBFD-119504 PS Power Control
 GBFD-117602 Active Power Control
 GBFD-111603 TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown on Timeslot Level
 GBFD-111609 Enhanced BCCH Power Consumption Optimization
Parameter configuration
Huawei BSS parameter database structure
How parameters are updated and maintained in Huawei BSS
 ULQUAFILTLEN: Filter Length for UL Qual.
 Meaning: When the network receives measurement reports, the measurement values in
several straight measurement reports are filtered to reflect the radio operating environment
for the sake of accuracy. This parameter specifies the number of measurement reports
sampled for filtering the uplink signal quality.
 GUI Value Range: 1~20
 Unit: 470ms; 480ms
 Actual Value Range: 480~9600(TCH);470~9400(SDCCH)
 MML Default Value: None
 Recommended Value: 5
 Parameter Relationship:
 -Others:
 This parameter is valid only when [GCELLPWRBASIC:PWRCTRLSW] is set to PWR2 and
[GCELLBASICPARA:UPPCEN] is set to YES.
 Service Interrupted After Modification: No (And no impact on the UE in idle mode)
 Impact on Network Performance: None
Radio Common Channel Management
GBFD-111001 TRX Management feature
 TRX Management consists of the following procedures:
– Radio resource indication: used to inform the BSC of the interference levels on idle channels of a
TRX.
– SACCH filling information modify: used by the BSC to indicate to the BTS the new information to be
used as filling information on slow associated control channels (SACCHs).
– Flow control: used to prevent common control channel (CCCH) overload, associated control channel
(ACCH) overload, and processor overload.
– Error reporting: used by the BTS to report detected errors if they cannot be reported by any other
procedure.

 The OVERLOADINTV(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter specifies the interval at which the

BTS transmits OVERLOAD messages to the BSC. This parameter is used to control the
frequency for sending OVERLOAD messages over channels and on TRXs.
GBFD-111001 TRX Management feature
 Radio Resource Indication
– This procedure is used to inform the BSC of the interference levels on idle channels of a TRX.
– Interference signals are classified into five interference levels according to strength. The TRX
determines the current interference level based on the average interference signal level and the
interference band threshold of each interference level. In the RF Resource Indication message, TRX
reports the interference level for each of the channels which have been idle (not active) for the whole
measurement period.
– The interval at which the RF Resource Indication message is sent and the interference band
threshold of each interference level are set by operation and maintenance (O&M) personnel.
 Error Reporting
– This procedure is used by the BTS to report detected errors if they cannot be reported by any other
procedure. The involved messages are as follows:
– CHANNEL ACTIVATION NACK in the case of channel activation
– MODE MODIFY NACK in the case of channel mode change
– ERROR REPORT in other cases
– When the TRX detects the reception of an erroneous message, it sends an ERROR REPORT
message to BSC with the most appropriate cause value. A complete ERROR REPORT message,
such as CHANNEL ACTIVATION NACK+CHANNEL ACTIVATION, must include the Message Type,
Channel Number, and Link Identifier for message type identification.
GBFD-111001 TRX Management feature
 You are advised to set the parameters as follows:
– Set RFRESINDPRD(BSC6900,BSC6910) to 10.
– Set INTERFTHRES0(BSC6900,BSC6910) to 110.
– Set INTERFTHRES1(BSC6900,BSC6910) to 105.
– Set INTERFTHRES2(BSC6900,BSC6910)to 98.
– Set INTERFTHRES3(BSC6900,BSC6910) to 92.
– Set INTERFTHRES4(BSC6900,BSC6910) to 87.
– Set INTERFTHRES5(BSC6900,BSC6910) to 85.
GBFD-111002 Radio Link Management feature
 Radio link management consists of the following procedures:
– Link establishment indication
– Link establishment request
– Link release indication
– Link release request
– Transmission of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode
– Reception of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode
– Transmission of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode
– Reception of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode
– Link error indication
Link Error Indication
 This procedure is used by the BTS to indicate an abnormal case, such as those described
below:
– A protocol error as specified in GSM 04.06, subclauses 5.6.4, 5.7.3, and annex G
– A link layer failure: that is, the repetition of an I-frame N200 times without an acknowledgement
– Repetition of an SABM or DISC frame N200 times without an acknowledgement
– Reception of an SABM frame in multi-frame established state
 When such an event occurs, the BTS notifies the BSC by sending an ERROR INDICATION
message containing the relevant cause information.
 The principles for reporting an ERROR INDICATION message are as follows:
– The N(R) in the I or S frame received by LAPDm must meet the following requirement:
V(A)=<N(R)=<V(S). Otherwise, the frame sequence is considered erroneous. In this case, an
ERROR INDICATION message is reported with the cause value "sequence error (0x07)."
– If the DM frame received by the BTS is not the expected one, the BTS reports an ERROR
INDICATION message with the cause value "unsolicited DM response (0x04)."
– If the BTS does not receive a response message from the MS after transmitting the I frame several
times (specified by the parameter N200(BSC6900,BSC6910)), the BTS reports an ERROR
INDICATION message with the cause value "RLM Cause: 1 timer T200 expired (N200+1) times
(0x01)." Using the full-rate TCH as an example, the default time is T200 x (N200 + 1) = 5 x 50 x (34 +
Link Error Indication
 The T200(BSC6900,BSC6910) and N200(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameters can be set on the
LMT. Based on the function and state of links, different parameters must be configured.
 The involved parameters are as follows:
– T200SDCCH(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– T200FACCHF(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– T200FACCHH(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– T200SACCT0(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– T200SACCH3(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– T200SACCHS(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– T200SDCCH3(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– N200PARASWITCH(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– N200ESTAB(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– N200REL(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– N200SACCH(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– N200SDCCH(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– N200FHALF(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– N200FFULL(BSC6900,BSC6910)
Link Error Indication
 If T200(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to a small value, timer T200 expires before an
acknowledgement message is received from the peer end. In this case, the link is considered
faulty and data transmission fails.
 If N200(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to a small value, the number of retransmissions is
reduced and the transmission success rate is reduced.
 If T200(BSC6900,BSC6910) and N200(BSC6900,BSC6910) are set to large values,
channels are occupied when links are faulty. In this case, resources are wasted.
 These parameters are set to default values on the Huawei BSC LMT and manual
configuration is generally not required.
GBFD-111003 Radio Common Channel Management feature
 Radio common channel management involves the management of common control channels
such as the PCH, RACH, AGCH, NCH, PPCH, PRACH, and PAGCH. Radio common channel
management is a basic feature for operators to provide CS speech services.
 To specify the channel type, set the CHTYPE(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– Paging Channel (PCH): Downlink channel. The MS listens to the PCH at intervals to determine
whether there is a call request from the MSC.
– Random Access Channel (RACH): Uplink channel. The MS accesses the network through the RACH
and requests the network to assign an SDCCH.
– Access Grant Channel (AGCH): Downlink channel. The network informs the MS of the assigned
dedicated channel (SDCCH or TCH) through the AGCH.
– Notification Channel (NCH): Downlink channel. Used for voice group call service (VGCS) and voice
broadcast service (VBS).
– Packet Paging Channel (PPCH): Downlink channel. The MS listens to the PPCH at intervals to
determine whether there is a packet request from the SGSN.
– Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH): Uplink channel. The MS requests network access
through the PRACH.
– Packet Access Grant Channel (PAGCH): Downlink channel. The network informs the MS of the
assigned packet data channel through the PAGCH.
Channel Request by MS
 This procedure is initiated by a TRX upon detection of a random access from an MS
(CHANNEL REQUEST message from MS).
– The TRX then sends a CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the BSC containing the Request
Reference parameter (random number selected by the MS plus some low order bits of the TDMA
frame number for the access) and the measured delay of the Access Burst.
 To reduce the number of access conflicts on RACHs during MS access and to increase the
RACH utilization, set the following parameters to appropriate values:
– TX(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– MSMAXRETRAN(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– RACHBUSYTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– RANERRTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– RACHACCLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– PSRACHACCLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– The PWRDIVIND(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter specifies whether the power offset is added to the
class 3 MS on the DCS1800 frequency band on the basis of the maximum MS transmit power if the
MS does not receive the initial power command after random access.
The PWRDIV(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter specifies the power offset to be added.
– The FMSMAXOPCC(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter specifies the maximum MS transmit power.
Paging
 The paging of an MS is initiated by the BSC sending a PAGING COMMAND message to the
BTS. The message contains the MS identity (TMSI or IMSI) and the paging population
number of the MS.
– The message may indicate to the MS which combination of channels will be needed for the
subsequent paging transaction. The message may also indicate the eMLPP priority of the call.
 The PAGING REQUEST messages to be sent on the radio path are built and sent by the
BTS.
– The BSAGBLKSRES(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter determines the CCCH usage for the AGCH
and PCH and therefore affects system performance and the paging response time of
MSs. BSPAMFRAMS(BSC6900,BSC6910) determines the paging response delay and the MS power
consumption. The paging success rate can be improved by setting PAGTIMES(BSC6900,BSC6910).
– Of these logical channels, the PCH, AGCH, NCH, and RACH are called CCCHs.
Paging
 One cell is typically configured with one BCCH physical channel, which is configured on
timeslot 0 of the BCCH TRX. In the GBFD-511501 Multiple CCCHs feature, timeslots 2, 4,
and 6 of the BCCH TRX can be configured as BCCH physical channels. These BCCH
physical channels can be divided into the BCCH, PCH, and AGCH in the downlink, and the
RACH in the uplink. Messages sent on the BCCH logical channel are the same regardless of
whether they are sent on timeslot 0, 2, 4, or 6. Messages sent on the PCH, AGCH, and
RACH, however, can be different on timeslots 0, 2, 4, and 6. Therefore, more messages can
be sent on the PCH, AGCH, and RACH. Configuring multiple BCCH physical channels
expands the CCCH capacity.
 The BSC broadcasts the configured number of CCCHs to the MS in system information type
3 messages. The MS determines on which timeslot to monitor the paging message based on
its IMSI.
 Configuring multiple CCCHs increases the number of RACHs in the cell because uplink
BCCH physical channels are all RACHs. Therefore, the GBFD-511501 Multiple CCCHs
feature also improves the random access capability of the cell.
Delete Indication
 This procedure is used by the BTS to indicate that an IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND has
been deleted due to overload on the downlink CCCH.
 The BTS sends a DELETE INDICATION message to the BSC.
CCH Load Indication
 CCCH Load Indication
– If the CCCH load exceeds the value of CCCHLOADTHRES(BSC6900,BSC6910), the BTS sends
CCCH LOAD INDICATION messages to the BSC at an interval specified
by CCCHLOADINDPRD(BSC6900,BSC6910) on the PCH and
by RACHLDAVERSLOT(BSC6900,BSC6910) on the RACH.
– The RACHLOADALM(BSC6900,BSC6910), RACHLOADALMCNT(BSC6900,BSC6910),
and RACHLOADRSTCNT(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameters jointly control whether to report ALM-
21817 Cell RACH Congestion.
– The PAGINGOVERRPTTHRD(BSC6900,BSC6910) and PCHForbidRptLoadSw(BSC6900,BSC691
0,eGBTS) parameters jointly control whether the BTS sends to the BSC the CCCH LOAD
INDICATION message indicating the PCH overload.
– When the PagingOvldProcOptSw(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set to ON(On), if congestion
occurs because of PS paging, the BTS reports PACKET CCCH OVLOAD IND message but does not
perform flow control on CS services.
Broadcast Information Modify
 This procedure is used by the BSC to indicate new information to be broadcast on BCCH to
the BTS.
 The BSC sends a BCCH INFORMATION message to the BTS.

 Short Message Cell Broadcast

 With the SMS BROADCAST COMMAND mode of operation, the BSC can request the
broadcast of a complete Cell Broadcast message. The BSC handles the queuing, repetition,
and transmission of the messages, taking the capacity of the CBCHs (basic and extended
channel [see 3GPP TS 45.002]) into account. The BSC is responsible for the segmentation of
the SMS Cell Broadcast messages on the Radio interface:
Immediate Assignment
 This procedure is used by the BSC to request the transmission of an IMMEDIATE ASSIGN
Message on a downlink CCCH.
– To initiate the immediate assignment, the BSC sends an IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND message.
The message contains the complete immediate assignment message as defined in 3GPP TS 44.018
(IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT or IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT) with the "Page Mode" element
set to the value "no change."
 The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message can be sent not only on its own scheduling
occasion but also on the sending occasion of paging messages.
– The IMMOccupyPCHOptSw(BSC6900,BSC6910,eGBTS) and IMMOccupyPCHDelay(BSC6900,B
SC6910,eGBTS)(138ms) parameters are configured to balance the immediate assignment success
rate and number of paging overloads.
– The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT message is either sent by the BTS as received in the
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND message or built by the BTS from the contents of two or more
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND messages.
GBFD-111004 Radio Dedicated Channel Management
GBFD-111004 Radio Dedicated Channel Management
 Radio dedicated channel management involves the assignment, activation, release,
management, and reporting of dedicated channels, such as the SDCCH, SACCH, and TCH.
These procedures work together to establish, maintain, and release radio links.
 The involved procedures are as follows:
– Channel activation: The BSC instructs the BTS to activate a dedicated channel for an MS. After this
channel is activated, the BSC assigns this channel to the MS through an Immediate Assign, Assign
Command, Channel Release (with a channel description), or Handover Command message.
– Channel mode modify: The BSC instructs the BTS to change the mode of an activated channel.
– Handover detection: Used between the target BTS and the target BSC to detect the access of the MS
that is handed over.
– Start of encryption: Initiates the encryption procedure specified by TS GSM 04.08.
– Measurement reporting: The BTS reports all the parameters related to handover decision to the BSC.
This procedure consists of the mandatory basic measurement reporting procedure and the optional
measurement reporting procedure with pre-processing.
– SACCH deactivation: The BSC deactivates the related SACCH of a TRX according to the
requirements of the channel release procedure specified by 3GPP TS 44.018.
GBFD-111004 Radio Dedicated Channel Management
 The involved procedures are as follows:
– Radio channel release: The BSC instructs the BTS to release a radio channel that is not in use.
– MS power control: The BSS controls the transmit power of the MS that uses an activated channel.
The MS power control decision must be implemented on the BSC and can also be implemented on
the BTS.
– Transmission power control: The BSS controls the transmit power of the activated channel on the
TRX. Transmission power control must be implemented on the BSC and can also be implemented on
the BTS.
– Connection failure: The BTS informs the BSC that an activated dedicated channel has been
disconnected.
– SACCH information modify: The BSC instructs the BTS to change the filling information (system
information) on an SACCH.
– Talker detection: Upon receiving the Talker uplink access message from the MS on the idle uplink
VGCS channel during a VGCS call, the BTS generates a VGCS UPLINK GRANT message on the
activated dedicated channel and reports the detected MS access delay to the BSC.
– Listener detection: When there is no listener in the cell, the dedicated radio downlink channel
allocated to the VGCS/VBS must be released in time to improve the resource utilization. The BSC
periodically broadcasts the uplink free message in the cell.
Channel Activation
 This procedure is used to activate a channel at the BTS for an MS which later will be
commanded to this channel by an IMMEDIATE ASSIGN, ASSIGNMENT COMMAND,
NOTIFICATION, CHANNEL RELEASE (with a Channel description), or HANDOVER
COMMAND message.
 In the handover case, the procedure is used between the target BSC and the target BTS to
activate a channel for a subsequent handover from the old BTS.
 Signaling Procedure
– The BSC determines what channel will be used and starts up that channel at the BTS by sending a
CHANNEL ACTIVATION message to the relevant TRX. This message contains the reason for the
activation (immediate assignment, assignment, asynchronous/synchronous handover), the
identification of the channel to be used (channel No.), and a complete description of the channel (for
example, full/half rate, speech/data, coding/rate adaption, hopping sequence, and encryption key).
Channel Activation
 Signaling Procedure
– If the Encryption Information field is present, the activation is done with ciphering active. If the
Encryption information element is not present, activation is done without ciphering.
– After activating the channel, the TRX responds with the CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE
message. This message contains the current frame number at the BTS. The frame number is used by
the BSC to determine the Starting Time parameter to be included in the subsequent assignment
message to the MS. (A suitable number has to be added to the current frame number to take all
possible signaling delays into account).
 If the TRX cannot activate the resource as requested by the CHANNEL ACTIVATION
message, the TRX will return a CHANNEL ACTIVATION NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE
message with the most appropriate cause value.
 Possible cause values may be:
– O&M intervention (for example, channel blocked)
– Resource not available (for example, speech coder, encryption device)
– Equipment failure
– Channel already activated
Channel Activation
 Signaling Procedure
– In the handover case, the procedure is initiated by the target BSC when the BSC receives the
HANDOVER REQUEST message from the MSC (or autonomously by the BSC for BSC internal
handover). The BSC sends a CHANNEL ACTIVATION message to the relevant TRX. The message
contains the Handover Reference value, which can be used by the BTS to check the Handover
Access from the MS. After activation of the channel, the TRX responds with a CHANNEL
ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE message containing the current frame number at the BTS.
– The BSC can then determine the Starting Time parameter to be included in the HANDOVER
REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message to the MSC (and the HANDOVER COMMAND message to
the MS).
Channel Activation
 Activation for Intra-Cell Channel Change
– This activation precedes the Immediate Assignment and Assignment procedures. The Timing
Advance element must be included in the CHANNEL ACTIVATION message.
– The BTS activates the channel and starts transmission and reception on the main channel in the
indicated mode. Ciphering is started if so indicated in the encryption information.
 Activation for Asynchronous Handover
– The BTS starts transmission immediately on the main channel in the indicated mode and with
encryption if so indicated. If only the MS Power element is present, the BTS may also start
transmission on the SACCH.
 Activation for Synchronous Handover
– The BTS starts transmission immediately on the main channel in the indicated mode and with
encryption if so indicated. If the MS Power and Timing Advance element are present, the BTS needs
to also start transmission on SACCH with the timing advance and MS power control parameters
indicated. If only the MS Power element is present, the BTS may also start transmission on the
SACCH.
Channel Mode Modify
 This procedure is used by the BSC to request a change of the channel mode and/or a change
between uni-directional and bi-directional channel types of an active channel.
 The BSC initiates the procedure by sending a MODE MODIFY message to the BTS. The
message contains the new mode to be used. After having changed to the new mode, the BTS
responds with a MODE MODIFY ACKNOWLEDGE message to the BSC.

 If the TRX cannot modify the channel as requested in the MODE MODIFY message, the TRX
will return a MODE MODIFY NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE message with the most
appropriate cause value.
Common Radio Resource Management Feature
Overview of Co-RRM
 The Co-RRM feature utilizes information exchange
between GSM and UMTS over the Iur-g interface to
support the following functions and mechanisms:
– Cell Load Information Sharing
– Handover Based on Load Enhancement
– Service Distribution
– Load Balancing
– NACC Procedure Optimization
 The MBSC is a GSM+UMTS multimode base station
controller (MBSC) of Huawei. It implements the functions
of both UMTS RNC and GSM BSC
 Through the internal information exchange, the load
information of GSM and UMTS cells can be shared
Purposes
 In Co-RRM, several GSM/UMTS interoperability functions are optimized in the MBSC to
achieve better network convergence and enhance network throughput.
 The Co-RRM feature provides the following advantages:
– Load information of the neighboring GSM and UMTS cells can be shared, which enhances the load
control capability between GSM and UMTS.
– The accuracy of the load information for handover decision between GSM and UMTS is enhanced,
reducing the risk of ping-pong effect.
– Service load can be distributed based on the conditions in the GSM and UMTS networks through
RRC redirection and service-based inter-RAT handovers. This enables the GSM network to handle
voice services and the UMTS network to handle high-speed PS services
– Service load can be distributed based on the service attributes and the conditions in the GSM and
UMTS networks through RRC redirection and load-based inter-RAT handovers. In this way, the load
on the two networks in the same coverage area is increased evenly so the risk of network congestion
due to load imbalance is reduced and the total network capacity is enhanced.
– The CN does not need to be involved in the GSM/UMTS PS NACC procedure under one MBSC. In
this way, the execution time for the NACC procedure is shortened and the PS service handover delay
is reduced. In addition, an NACC solution is also provided when the CN does not support the RAN
information management (RIM) procedure.
Cell Load Information Sharing
 Through load information sharing, the load information of the cells of different systems can be
obtained, avoiding unnecessary handover attempts.
 Common Measurement Procedure
– The basic procedure behind the cell load information sharing is an MBSC internal information
exchange mechanism, where the BSC side of the MBSC sends a COMMON MEASUREMENT
INITIATION REQUEST message to the RNC side and vice versa to initiate the common
measurement procedure, requesting the target RNC/BSC to report the load information of its
neighboring cells. If the target RNC/BSC supports the common measurement, it responds with
a COMMON MEASUREMENT INITIATION RESPOSE message; otherwise, it responds with
a COMMON MEASUREMENT INITIATION FAILURE message.
– After a successful common measurement initialization, the target RNC/BSC sends the COMMON
MEASUREMENT REPORT message to the source BSC/RNC periodically to report its load
information. If the measurement fails to be further performed, for example, when the cell is faulty,
blocked, deleted, or deactivated, the common measurement is stopped. In this case, the target
RNC/BSC sends a COMMON MEASUREMENT FAILURE INDICATION message to the source
BSC/RNC.
– If the BSC sends a COMMON MEASUREMENT INITIATION REQUEST message to the
interconnected RNC over the Iur-g interface, the RNC supports a maximum of 3000 UMTS cells.
Cell Load Information Sharing
 Successful common measurement  Common measurement reporting procedure
initialization

 Failed common measurement initialization  Failed common measurement

Cell Load Information
 During the common measurement procedure, load information related to GSM and UMTS
cells is shared between the BSC and RNC sides of the MBSC. In addition, the GSM cell
sends the information whether it supports inter-RAT handovers.
 There are three load states: normal, basic congestion, and overload congestion.
 In the uplink:
– An uplink load lower than the GSM uplink basic congestion threshold
(UlLdrThrd2GCell(BSC6910,BSC6900)) represents the normal state.
– An uplink load above the GSM uplink basic congestion threshold
(UlLdrThrd2GCell(BSC6910,BSC6900)) but below the GSM uplink overload congestion threshold
(UlOlcThrd2GCell(BSC6910,BSC6900)) represents the basic congestion state.
– An uplink load above the GSM uplink overload congestion threshold
(UlOlcThrd2GCell(BSC6910,BSC6900)) represents the overload congestion state.
 In the downlink:
– A downlink load below (DlLdrThrd2GCell(BSC6900,BSC6910)) represents the normal state.
– A downlink load above (DlLdrThrd2GCell(BSC6900,BSC6910)) but lower than
(DlOlcThrd2GCell(BSC6900,BSC6910)) represents the basic congestion state.
– A downlink load above the GSM downlink overload congestion threshold
(DlOlcThrd2GCell(BSC6900,BSC6910)) represents the overload congestion state.
Cell Load Information
 The BSC side of the MBSC sends the inter-RAT handover support information to indicate
whether the CS/PS services can be handed over from a UMTS cell to a GSM cell. The inter-
RAT handover support information includes the inter-RAT CS service handover support flag
and the inter-RAT PS service handover support flag.
 If the inter-RAT CS service handover support flag is enabled, the corresponding GSM cell can
be the target cell of the inter-RAT CS service handover from a UMTS cell. Use the following
method to determine whether the inter-RAT CS service handover support flag is enabled: If
inter-RAT handovers to GSM cells are allowed, compare the cell TCH usage
with InterRatCsServiceLoadHoThrd(BSC6900,BSC6910).
– If the cell TCH usage is less than or equal to the value of this parameter, the inter-RAT CS service
handover support flag is enabled.
– If the cell TCH usage is greater than the value of this parameter, the inter-RAT CS service handover
support flag is disabled.
 If the inter-RAT PS service handover support flag is enabled, the corresponding GSM cell can
be the target cell of the inter-RAT PS service handover from a UMTS cell.
Handover Based on Load Enhancement
 When the Co-RRM feature is used, the MBSC can select the target cell according to the
traffic load in the cell before initiating an inter-RAT handover, reducing the number of ping-
pong handovers between GSM and UMTS and enhancing network usage.
 WRFD-070004 Load Based GSM and UMTS Handover Enhancement Based on Iur-g.
 Through the internal load information sharing mechanism, the load-based inter-RAT handover
is enhanced in the UMTS.
– In the load-based inter-RAT handover, the UMTS selects the target GSM cell according to the load on
the neighboring GSM cell and the load difference between the UMTS cell and the neighboring GSM
cell.
– In the inter-RAT handover based on hierarchical cell structure, the UMTS selects the target GSM cell
depending on the load on the neighboring cells.
Load-Based Inter-RAT Handover Enhancement
 Load-based handover to the GSM cell is triggered when the traffic load on the UMTS cell is
heavy. The RNC performs handover decision based on the load on the neighboring GSM cell
and the load difference between the UMTS cell and the neighboring GSM cell.
 For the CS service, a GSM candidate cell must meet the following conditions:
– The cell supports the inter-RAT handover for CS services.
– The load on the cell is lower than the CS outgoing inter-RAT handover GSM load threshold
(CSHOOut2GloadThd).
– The load of UMTS source cell minus the load of the cell is higher than the threshold of CS load
difference between UMTS and GSM (Mbsc3G2GLdBlcCsDeltaThrd).
 For the PS service, a GSM candidate cell must meet the following conditions:
– The cell supports the inter-RAT handover for PS services.
– The load on the cell is lower than the PS outgoing inter-RAT handover GSM load threshold
(PSHOOut2GloadThd).
– The load of UMTS source cell minus the load of the cell is higher than the threshold of PS load
difference between UMTS and GSM (Mbsc3G2GLdBlcPsDeltaThrd).
– The RNC initiates the handover to the best GSM candidate cell.
Inter-RAT Handover based on Hierarchical Cell Structure
Enhancement
 When the indication of non-coverage-based handover based on GSM load
(MBSCNcovHoOn2GldInd) is set to ON, the handover to the GSM cell is triggered when the
traffic load on the UMTS cell is high. The RNC performs the handover decision depending on
the load on the neighboring GSM cell.
– For the CS service, a GSM candidate cell must meet the following conditions:
– The cell supports the inter-RAT handover for CS services.
– The load on the cell is lower than the CS outgoing inter-RAT handover GSM load threshold
(CSHOOut2GloadThd).
 For the PS service, a GSM candidate cell must meet the following conditions:
– The cell supports the inter-RAT handover for PS services.
– The load on the cell is lower than the PS outgoing inter-RAT handover GSM load threshold
(PSHOOut2GloadThd).
GBFD-511101 Load Based Handover Enhancement on Iur-g
 When the inter-RAT load handover switch (OutSysLoadHoEn(BSC6900,BSC6910)) is set
to ON,
 The candidate neighboring UMTS cell must meet the following conditions:
– The value of (G2GLoadAdjustCoeff(BSC6900,BSC6910) x Current load of the GSM serving cell –
10 x Load of the neighboring UMTS cell) is greater than or equal to the value of (10
x G2G3GldBlcDeltaThrd(BSC6900,BSC6910) – 1000).
 If the neighboring UMTS cell is an FDD cell and FDDREP(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set
to RSCP(RSCP), this cell must meet the following conditions:
– InterRATLoadHoRSCPStart(BSC6900,BSC6910) - A < CPICH RSCP
< InterRATLoadHoRSCPStart(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– CPICH RSCP > IntRATLoadHORSCPThr(BSC6900,BSC6910)In the preceding formula, A is the
load handover bandwidth. A = (1 + T/IntRATLoadHoPeriod(BSC6900,BSC6910))
x InterRATLoadHoRSCPStep(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– T is the load handover timer and this timer is started when the load of the serving cell is greater than
the value of the TRIGTHRES(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– The maximum value of A cannot exceed the value of
the InterRATLoadHoRSCPBandWidth(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
GBFD-511101 Load Based Handover Enhancement on Iur-g
 If the neighboring UMTS cell is an FDD cell and FDDREP(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set
to Ec/N0(Ec/N0), this cell must meet the following conditions:
– InterRATLoadHoEcNoStart(BSC6900,BSC6910) – A < CPICH Ec/No
< InterRATLoadHoEcNoStart(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– CPICH Ec/No > IntRATLoadHOEcNoThr(BSC6900,BSC6910)In the preceding formula, A is the
load handover bandwidth. A = (1 + T/IntRATLoadHoPeriod(BSC6900,BSC6910))
x InterRATLoadHoEcNoStep(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– T is the load handover timer and this timer is started when the load of the serving cell is greater than
the value of the TRIGTHRES(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– The maximum value of A cannot exceed the value of
the InterRATLoadHoEcNoBandWidth(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
 After the preceding selection, unqualified neighboring UMTS cells are removed from the
candidate cell list. If the generated candidate cell list is not null, the BSC initiates the
handover to the optimal candidate UMTS cell.
MRFD-211403 MBSC Service Distribution
 To optimize the utilization of resources in the GSM and UMTS networks, service distribution is
introduced.
 The inter-RAT service distribution is performed in two directions: UMTS to GSM (controlled by
the RNC) and GSM to UMTS (controlled by the BSC). As a result of load-based system
redirection and handover, the CS services will be handled mainly by the GSM network
whereas the high-rate data services will be handled mainly by the UMTS network.
 UMTS-to-GSM Service Distribution
 The UMTS-to-GSM service distribution function corresponds to the feature WRFD-070007
GSM and UMTS Traffic Steering Based on Iur-g.
 In UMTS-to-GSM service distribution, the users in the UMTS network are handed over to a
GSM target cell that is not congested. The UMTS-to-GSM service distribution can be
performed in either of the following phases:
– CS service distribution during RRC setup: During the RRC setup, the CS AMR services are
redirected to the GSM cell.
– Service distribution after RAB setup: After the RAB is set up, the CS or PS services are handed over
to the GSM cell.
CS Service Distribution During RRC Setup
 If the CS service is initiated during the RRC setup
stage and the service distribution and load
balancing algorithm switch
(MBSCServiceDiffLdbSwitch) is set to SERVICE-
BASED, the service distribution is performed as
shown in Figure
 When the RRC is redirected, a GSM candidate cell
must meet the following conditions:
– The GSM cell is in operation.
– The cell supports the inter-RAT handover for CS
services.
– The uplink and downlink load of the cell is in normal
state.
– The RNC initiates the redirection to the best GSM
candidate cell. If no cell is suitable among the
neighboring GSM cells, the UE accesses the UMTS
cell.
Service Distribution After RAB Setup
 After RAB setup, if the service distribution and load
balancing algorithm switch
(MBSCServiceDiffLdbSwitch) is set to SERVICE-
BASED and the Service Handover attribute carried
in the assignment request from the MSC
is "Handover to GSM should be performed",
service distribution is performed as shown in Figure
 For single CS/PS services, the RNC selects cells
that meet the following conditions from the
neighboring cells, and then sends the
measurement control to the UEs so that the UEs
perform the 3C event measurement to those cells.
– The GSM cell is in operation.
– The cell supports the inter-RAT handover for CS and
PS services.
– The uplink and downlink load of the cell is in normal
state.
GSM-to-UMTS Service Distribution
 The GSM-to-UMTS service distribution function corresponds to the feature GBFD-511104
GSM and UMTS Traffic Steering Based on Iur-g.
– If the inter-RAT load handover switch (InterRatServiceLoadHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910)) is set
to Cn Service-based and the Service Handover attribute carried in the assignment request from the
MSC is "handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 should be performed", the BSC imitates the directed retry
to the UMTS.
– If the inter-RAT load handover switch (InterRatServiceLoadHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910)) is set to
Service-based and the Service UTRAN CCO attribute of PS UEs is not "Network initiated cell change
order to UTRAN or PS handover to UTRAN procedure shall not be performed", PS UEs can be
handed over to UMTS cells through PS handovers or cell reselections.
 The PS handover is preferentially performed. Before selecting the target UMTS cell for a
handover or cell reselection, this feature obtains the load status of all neighboring UMTS cells
and removes the cells in the basic congestion or overload congestion state from the
candidate list.
Load Balancing
 The load balancing function corresponds to the feature MRFD-211402 MBSC Load
Balancing.
 In the case of GSM/UMTS co-existence, the traffic load on the two networks is different. For
better utilization of resources in the GSM and UMTS networks, load balancing is introduced to
balance the load between the GSM and UMTS networks, avoiding the situation where one
system is overloaded whereas the other one is only lightly loaded.
 The MBSC enables the redirection and handover between the GSM and UMTS systems
based on the load condition and difference in each network. In this way, the two networks in
the same coverage area can have similar load, reducing the risk of access congestion.
 UMTS Load Balancing
– Load balancing during RRC setup: During the setup of the RRC connection, the CS AMR services are
redirected to the GSM cell.
– Load balancing after RAB setup: After the RAB is set up, the single CS or PS services are handed
over to the GSM cell.
UMTS Load Balancing During RRC Setup
 If the CS AMR service is initiated during the RRC setup
stage and the service distribution and load balancing
algorithm switch (MBSCServiceDiffLdbSwitch) is set
to LOAD-BASED, the service distribution is performed as
shown in Figure
 The RNC selects the neighboring GSM cells that meet the
following conditions as candidate cells:
– The GSM cell is in operation.
– The uplink and downlink load in the GSM cell is not in overload
congestion state.
– The cell supports the inter-RAT handover for CS services.
– The load of UMTS source cell minus the load of the cell is
higher than the threshold of CS load difference between UMTS
and GSM (Mbsc3G2GLdBlcCsDeltaThrd).
– The RNC initiates the redirection to the best GSM candidate
cell. If no cell is suitable among the neighboring GSM cells, the
UE accesses the UMTS cell.
UMTS load balancing after RAB setup
 If the service distribution and load balancing algorithm switch
(MBSCServiceDiffLdbSwitch) is set to LOAD-BASED and
the Service Handover attribute carried in the assignment
request from the MSC is "Handover to GSM should be
performed", load balancing is performed. measurement to
those cells.
– The GSM cell is in operation.
– The uplink and downlink load in the GSM cell is not in overload
congestion state.
– For the CS service, the GSM cell supports incoming inter-RAT
handover for CS services and the load of UMTS source cell
minus the load of the GSM cell is higher than the threshold of
CS load difference between UMTS and GSM
(Mbsc3G2GLdBlcCsDeltaThrd). For the PS service, the GSM
cell supports incoming inter-RAT handover for PS services and
the load of UMTS source cell minus the load of the GSM cell is
higher than the threshold of PS load difference between UMTS
and GSM (Mbsc3G2GLdBlcCsDeltaThrd).
Activation Configuration on the RNC side
 Run the RNC MML command SET UMBSCCRRM to enable traffic steering. In this step,
set Service Distribution and Load Balancing Switch to SERVICE-BASED(SERVICE-
BASED) and Adjustment Coefficient of 2G Load Value to 1.
– Run the RNC MML command SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH to enable the inter-RAT handover. In
this step,
select HO_INTER_RAT_CS_OUT_SWITCH and HO_INTER_RAT_PS_OUT_SWITCH under
the HandOver switch parameter.
– Run the RNC MML command ADD UCELLHOCOMM to enable the inter-RAT CS and PS handover.
In this step, set both Inter-RAT CS Handover Switch and Inter-RAT PS Handover Switch to ON.
Run the ADD UCELLHOCOMM command to enable inter-RAT CS and PS handover for each cell.
– Configuration on the BSC side
– Run the BSC MML command SET GCELLHOBASIC to enable the inter-RAT handover. In this step,
set Inter-RAT Out BSC Handover Enable and Inter-RAT In BSC Handover Enable to YES(Yes).
– Run the BSC MML command SET GCELLHOINTERRATLDB to enable traffic steering. In this step,
set Allow Inter-RAT Load HO in Access State to Service-based(Service-based).
– Run the BSC MML command SET GCELLOTHEXT with Information Exchange Switch at Iur-g set
to YES.
GSM Power Control
Introduction
 Power control is used to reduce the MS or BTS transmit power after radio links are
established.
 The Power Control feature is introduced to:
– Reduce interference.
– Improve stability of link quality, especially reduce the number of poor-quality calls.
– Reduce power consumption
 The Important Power control features are:
– GBFD-110703 Enhanced Power Control Algorithm
– GBFD-117602 Active Power Control
– GBFD-118103 Network Support SAIC
– GBFD-117601 HUAWEI III Power Control Algorithm
 There are two types of power control:
– Uplink power control is used to adjust the MS transmit power. With this function, the BTS obtains
stable receive signal strength, reducing adjacent-channel interference and MS power consumption.
– Downlink power control is used to adjust the BTS transmit power. With this function, MSs obtain
stable receive signal strength, reducing adjacent-channel interference and BTS power consumption.
GBFD-110703 Enhanced Power Control Algorithm feature
 The PCII algorithm involves MR processing, predictive filtering, and
the calculation of the adjustment step based on receive level and
receive quality. Figure shows the procedures for using the PCII
algorithm
 Measurement Report Processing
– MR interpolation
– MR compensation
– MR discarding in the initial connection phase
– MR filtering
 Power Control Decision
– Calculating the power adjustment step based on receive level (RxLev)
– Calculating the power adjustment step based on receive quality (RxQual)
– Calculating the power adjustment step based on both RxQual and RxLev
Measurement Report Processing
 The MR processing in the PCII algorithm consists of the following aspects:
– MR interpolationThe PCII algorithm is related to MR processing. If an MR is lost, the PCII algorithm is
not executed and the BSC does not send new power commands until the next MR is received. If the
number of lost MRs exceeds the value of the MRMISSCOUNT(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter, the
current MR queue is cleared and the current power control level remains unchanged. If a new MR is
received before the number of lost MRs exceeds the value of
the MRMISSCOUNT(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter, MR interpolation is performed. In the PCII
algorithm, the linear interpolation is used.
– If the value of MS transmit power (MSPwr) is missing from MRs, it is not interpolated, MR filtering
proceeds properly.
– MR compensationBecause MRs may be obtained by the BTS or MS at varying transmit power, the
PCII algorithm takes into account the transmit power used to compensate for receive level and
receive quality. MR compensation is controlled by
the MRCOMPREG(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– MR discarding in the initial connection phaseIn the initial connection phase, the PCII algorithm does
not perform power control until the connection has been established and is stable.
– The PCII algorithm discards the first four MRs.
Measurement Report Processing
 The MR processing in the PCII algorithm consists of the following aspects:
– MR filteringPower control decisions are based on filtered values derived from historical MRs.
– The PCII algorithm uses the sliding window filtering, which gives an output equal to the average of the
last n values, where n is the length of the sliding window. The filtering length can be configured
independently for level and quality. Uplink uses
the ULLEVFILTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) and ULQUAFILTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameters,
while downlink uses
the DLLEVFILTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) and DLQUAFILTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameters.
– Due to the delay between the power control decision and power adjustment, the filtered MR data
does not accurately indicate real-time receive level and receive quality. To minimize the inaccuracy,
predictive compensation is applied to extrapolate any trend in the historical MRs to estimate what the
real-time receive level and receive quality would be if there was no delay.
– The interval between the power control decision and power adjustment is usually three MR periods
for uplink and two MR periods for downlink. The uplink and downlink lengths of predictive
compensation are controlled by
the ULPREDLEND(BSC6900,BSC6910) and DLPREDLEND(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameters,
respectively.
– After interpolated and predicted MRs are filtered out, the PCII algorithm makes a decision on power
control.
Power Control Decision
 The involved parameters are as follows:
 Uplink power control
– ULSSHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– ULSSLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– ULQHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– ULQLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
 Downlink power control
– DLSSHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– DLSSLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– DLQHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– DLQLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) Figure shows how the power adjustment is derived given
particular level and quality.
GBFD-117601 HUAWEI III Power Control Algorithm feature
 Power Control Activation
– Power control can be activated or deactivated for AMR and non-AMR calls independently using
the AMRCALLPCALLOWED(BSC6900,BSC6910) and NONAMRCALLPCALLOWED(BSC6900,BS
C6910) parameter, respectively. Signals for calls with power control disabled are transmitted at full
power.
 Measurement Report Processing
– When the PCIII algorithm is applied, a fixed number of MRs are discarded during the initial MS
access to the network.
– This is done to prevent the impact of inaccurate MRs on the PCIII algorithm.
– The number of MRs to be discarded on the SDCCH is specified by
the SDMRCUTNUM(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter and on the TCH is specified by
the TCHMRCUTNUM(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
GBFD-117601 HUAWEI III Power Control Algorithm feature
 In the PCIII algorithm, filtering periods are specified by the following parameters:
 Uplink power control:
– ULREXLEVEXPFLTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– ULREXQUALEXPFLTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– ULREXLEVSLDWINDOW(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– ULREXQUALSLDWINDOW(BSC6900,BSC6910)
 Downlink power control:
– DLREXLEVEXPFLTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– DLREXQUALEXPFLTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– DLREXLEVSLDWINDOW(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– DLREXQUALSLDWINDOW(BSC6900,BSC6910)
 Power control decisions in the PCIII algorithm involve the following stages:
 Decision on whether power control should be performedPower control is not required when
the following conditions are met:
– ULREXLEVHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) ≥ Rxlev
≥ ULREXLEVLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– UL**REXQUALHIGHTHRED ≥ RxQual ≥ UL**REXQUALLOWTHRED.Otherwise, the calculation of
the adjustment step starts.
Calculating the BTS Power Control Adjustment Step
 In each power control period, the power control adjustment step is calculated on the basis of
the receive level and receive quality. The detailed calculation is as follows:
 g(k) = p(k) – (ca_filtered(k) + qa_filtered(k) – 10 x log10 (1 + 10^(qa_filtered(k)/10)))where
– g(k) indicates the gain of the radio channel (referred to as path loss of the channel).
– qa_filtered (k) indicates the filtered receive quality (converted to CIR).
– ca_filtered(k) indicates the filtered receive level.
– p(k) indicates the BTS transmit power
 You can calculate the valid level based on the CIR and the receive level (including the level
for both wanted signals and interfering signals), then calculate the channel gain by extracting
the valid level from the transmit power.
 SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown)/2, QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown)/2where
– SthrUp indicates the upper threshold for downlink receive level and is specified by
the DLRexLevHighThred(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– SThrDown indicates the lower threshold for downlink receive level and is specified by
the DLRexLevLowthred(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– QThrUp is specified by the DL**RexQualHighThred parameter.
– QthrDown is specified by the DL**RexQualLowThred parameter.
Calculating the BTS Power Control Adjustment Step
 step(k) = –(sfactor x (BsTxMaxPower – g(k) – SThr) + qfactor x (qa_filtered(k) – QThr))where
– Sfactor is specified by the DLREXLEVADJFCTR(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– BsTxMaxPowe indicates the maximum transmit power of the TRX used for the current call.
– Qfactor is specified by the DLREXQUALADJFCTR(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
 If value of step(k) is > than 0, the value is considered 0. No power adjustment is performed.
 To prevent excessive power adjustment, restrict the power control adjustment as follows:
 Restrictions on power control adjustment within a power control
period:When DlMaxDownOptiSw(BSC6900,BSC6910)is set to ON(On):
– The value of MaxBtsPwrNum(BSC6900,BSC6910)multiplied by 2 is used as the power control
adjustment step if the following condition is met: |step (k)| ≥ 2 x Value
of MaxBtsPwrNum(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– step (k) is used as the power control adjustment step if the following condition is met: |step (k)| < 2
x Value of MaxBtsPwrNum(BSC6900,BSC6910)When DlMaxDownOptiSw(BSC6900,BSC6910)is
set to OFF(Off):
– Power control is not performed if the following condition is met: |step (k)| ≥ 2 x Value
of BTSPWRNUM(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– step (k) is used as the power control adjustment step if the following condition is met: |step (k)| < 2
x Value of BTSPWRNUM(BSC6900,BSC6910)
Calculating the MS Power Control Adjustment Step
 In each power control period, the power control adjustment step is calculated on the basis of
the receive level and receive quality. The detailed calculation is as follows:
 g(k) = p(k) – (ca_filtered(k) + qa_filtered(k) – 10 x log10 (1 + 10^(qa_filtered(k)/10)))where
– g(k) indicates the gain of the radio channel (referred to as path loss of the channel).
– qa_filtered (k) indicates the filtered receive quality (converted to CIR).
– ca_filtered(k) indicates the filtered receive level.
– p(k) indicates the MS transmit power.
 SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown)/2, QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown)/2where
– SthrUp indicates the upper threshold for uplink receive level and is specified by
the ULRexLevHighThred(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– SThrDown indicates the lower threshold for uplink receive level and is specified by
the ULRexLevLowthred(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– QThrUp is specified by the UL**RexQualHighThred parameter.
– QThrDown is specified by the UL**RexQualLowThred parameter.
Calculating the MS Power Control Adjustment Step
 step(k) = –(sfactor x (MsTxMaxPower– g(k) – SThr) + qfactor x (qa_filtered(k) – QThr))where
– Sfactor is specified by the ULREXLEVADJFCTR(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
– MsTxMaxPower indicates the maximum transmit power in the MS classmark
– Qfactor is specified by the ULREXQUALADJFCTR(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.
 If the value of step(k) is greater than 0, the value is considered 0. No power adjustment is
performed.
 To prevent excessive power adjustment, control the range of step (k) by setting
theULMAXUPSTEP(BSC6900,BSC6910) or ULMAXDOWNSTEP(BSC6900,BSC6910) para
meter.
 If the value of step(k) is greater than the allowed maximum step, power is controlled
according to the maximum allowed step set in
the ULMAXUPSTEP(BSC6900,BSC6910) or ULMAXDOWNSTEP(BSC6900,BSC6910) para
meter.
 By default, the minimum power adjustment step is 2 dB, but some BTSs support higher-
precision power control, in 0.2 dB steps. This is controlled by
the FINESTEPPCALLOWED(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter and provides enhanced
performance.
Optimized Huawei III Power Control Algorithm
 The PCIII Opt. algorithm is implemented in the same manner as the PCIII algorithm, including
MR processing, MR filtering, calculation of the power adjustment step, and power control
execution. The PCIII Opt. algorithm takes effect when
the PWRCTRLSW(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set to PWR3(Power Control III) and
the PWRCTRLOPTIMIZEDEN(BSC6910,BSC6900) parameter is set to YES(Yes).
 The formula for calculating the quality compensation value is as follows: Quality
compensation value = 2 x Power control level. The formula for calculating the level
compensation value is as follows:
 When the current call is carried on the BCCH TRX:
– If frequency hopping (FH) is not used or the BCCH frequency is not involved in FH, power control
compensation is not performed.
– If the BCCH frequency is involved in FH and the CANPC(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set
to YES:Level compensation value = 2 x Power control level
– If the BCCH frequency is involved in FH and the CANPC(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set
to NO:Level compensation value = (N – 1)/N x Power control level x 2
– where N is the number of frequencies involved in FH.
Optimized Huawei III Power Control Algorithm
 When the current call is carried on a non-BCCH TRX:If the BCCH frequency is not involved in
FH:Level compensation value = 2 x Power control level
– If the BCCH frequency is involved in FH and the CANPC(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set
to YES:Level compensation value = 2 x Power control level
– If the BCCH frequency is involved in FH and the CANPC(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set
to NO:Level compensation value = (N – 1)/N x Power control level x 2
– where N is the number of frequencies involved in FH.
– If PwrFineCtlOptimizeSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to ON(On), in addition to 2 dB power
control compensation, 0.2 dB power control compensation is used, that is, the power control
adjustment step is 0.2 times the original.
Optimized Huawei III Power Control Algorithm
 2. Dual-coefficient MR filtering
– The PCIII Opt. algorithm uses the dual-coefficient filtering algorithm, that is, the exponential filtering
and MR filtering. The dual-coefficient filtering algorithm concerns both receive level and receive
quality.
– This algorithm involves the filtering period (indicated by K) and the filter adjustment factor (indicated
by FiltAdjustFactor).
– The values of K and FiltAdjustFactor vary with the measured value:
– K for the measured receive level: ULREXLEVEXPFLTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) for uplink power
control and DLREXLEVEXPFLTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) for downlink power control
– K for the measured receive quality: ULREXQUALEXPFLTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) for uplink power
control and DLREXQUALEXPFLTLEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) for downlink power control
– FiltAdjustFactor: ULFILTADJFACTOR(BSC6900,BSC6910) for uplink power control
and DLFILTADJFACTOR(BSC6900,BSC6910) for downlink power control
 In the dual-coefficient exponential filtering algorithm:
– When the quality of the radio environment deteriorates, the filter length K is used to quicken the filter
response.
– When the quality of the radio environment improves, the filter length (K x FiltAdjustFactor) is used to
slacken the filtering value increase.
Optimized Huawei III Power Control Algorithm
 Periodic update of downlink DTX
– During MR processing, the BSC determines the downlink DTX update mode based on the
SUBSET/FULLSET and DLDTXUPDATESWITCH(BSC6900,BSC6910):
– If the DLDTXUPDATESWITCH(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set to YES(Yes), the SCP updates
the value of dtx-downlink in uplink MRs in real time based on the BTS DTX identifier reported by the
DSP and obtains the corresponding measurement values based on the value of dtx-downlink.
– If the DLDTXUPDATESWITCH(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set to NO(No) and the SUBSET in
the previous MR uses the DTX, the measurement value of SUBSET is always used during the call
regardless of whether the DTX is used in the subsequent MRs. Otherwise, the measurement value of
FULLSET is used during the call.
GBFD-117602 Active Power Control feature.
 The Active Power Control feature can be enabled by setting
the PWRBCDALLOWD(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter to YES(Yes).
 Active Power Control During the MS Access
 The BSC obtains the uplink and downlink path loss based on the following information:
– Receive level in the MR from the MS on the signaling channel.
– MS and BTS transmit power
– Values of
the DOUBLEANTENNAGAIN(BSC6900,BSC6910), COMBINERLOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910),
and PATHLOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameters.
 The methods for estimating the path loss of the uplink and downlink channels are as follows:
 If the BCCH and TCH belong to the same frequency band (for example, both work on the
GSM850/GSM900 or DCS1800/PCS1900 frequency band):
– Estimated path loss of the uplink channel = Maximum MS transmit power in the cell – Uplink receive
level.
– Estimated path loss of the downlink channel = BTS transmit power – Downlink receive level
+ COMBINERLOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910) + DOUBLEANTENNAGAIN(BSC6900,BSC6910)

GBFD-117602 Active Power Control feature.
 If the BCCH and TCH belong to different frequency bands, a compensation for path loss is
required.
 If the TCH works on the GSM850/GSM900 frequency band while the BCCH works on the
DCS1800/PCS1900 frequency band:
– Estimated path loss of the uplink channel = Maximum MS transmit power in the cell – Uplink receive
level – PATHLOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– Estimated path loss of the downlink channel = BTS transmit power – Downlink receive level
+ COMBINERLOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910) + DOUBLEANTENNAGAIN(BSC6900,BSC6910) –
PATHLOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910)
 If the TCH works on the DCS1800/PCS1900 frequency band while the BCCH works on the
GSM850/GSM900 frequency band:
– Estimated path loss of the uplink channel = Maximum MS transmit power in the cell – Uplink receive
level + PATHLOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910)
– Estimated path loss of the downlink channel = BTS transmit power – Downlink receive level
+ COMBINERLOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910) + DOUBLEANTENNAGAIN(BSC6900,BSC6910) + PATH
LOSS(BSC6900,BSC6910)
GBFD-117602 Active Power Control feature.
 The BSC estimates the transmit power that the BTS and MS should use on the allocated TCH
based on the uplink and downlink path loss and the values of
the EXPULRXLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910) and EXPDLRXLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter
s.
– Uplink transmit power = EXPULRXLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910) – 110 dBm + Estimated path loss of the
uplink channel
– Downlink transmit power = EXPDLRXLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910) – 110 dBm + Estimated path loss of
the downlink channel
 The MS uses the previously mentioned power as the transmit power when it initially accesses
a TCH, reducing the initial transmit power.
– If the PwrBCDOptimizeSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter is set to ON(On), active power
control can be performed independently for signaling and voice by setting
the PwrBCDAssOffset(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter. Before the ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
message is received, active power control is performed at a step minus the value of
the PwrBCDAssOffset(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter to prevent KPIs from deteriorating. After the
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE message is received, active power control is performed at the original
step to reduce interference.
GBFD-118103 Network Support SAIC feature
 This section describes the GBFD-118103 Network Support SAIC feature.
 Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC) uses a signal processing technology to
reduce the impact of interference on the reception of downlink signals.
 An MS enabled with SAIC has strong anti-interference capabilities. When SAIC is enabled,
power control thresholds are adjusted to improve the radio performance of the BSS.
 SAIC-based power control optimization is enabled by setting
the SAICALLOWED(BSC6900,BSC6910) and BTSSAICPCADJSWITCH(BSC6900,BSC691
0) parameters to Yes. The policies for adjusting power control thresholds are as follows:
– When the PCII algorithm is applied, add the value of
the SAICTHREDAPDTVALUE(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter to that of
the DLQHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) and DLQLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameters.
– When the PCIII or PCIII Opt. algorithm is applied, deduct the value of
the SAICTHREDAPDTVALUE(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter from that of the following parameters:
• DLREXLEVHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)
• DLREXLEVLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910)

 NOTE: It is recommended that HUAWEI III Power Control Algorithm be used together with
Network Support SAIC.
Algorithm Selection Parameters
 The PWRCTRLSW(BSC6900,BSC6910) and PWRCTRLOPTIMIZEDEN(BSC6900,BSC6910
) parameters determine which power control algorithm to select.
– The PWRCTRLSW(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter specifies whether to enable the PCII or PCIII
algorithm. When PWRCTRLSW(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to PWR3(Power control III), the PCIII
algorithm is enabled.
– The PWRCTRLOPTIMIZEDEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter specifies whether to enable the PCIII
Opt. algorithm. This parameter is valid only when PWRCTRLSW(BSC6900,BSC6910) in the SET
GCELLPWRBASIC command is set to PWR3(Power control III).
When PWRCTRLOPTIMIZEDEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to YES(Yes), the PCIII Opt. algorithm is
enabled.
 The power control algorithms can be switched in the following ways:
– From PCII to PCIII
– From PCII to PCIII Opt.
– From PCIII to PCIII Opt.
Basic PCII algorithm parameters
Parameter ID Value Range Recommended Value
ULSSHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 30

ULSSLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 18

ULQHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 0

ULQLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 3

DLSSHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 45

DLSSLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 28

DLQHIGHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 0

DLQLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 2

AMRULSSHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 30

AMRULSSLTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 18

AMRULQHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 0

AMRULQLOWTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 3

AMRDLSSHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 33

AMRDLSSLTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 25

AMRDLQHTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 0

AMRDLQLTHRED(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 3
Bad quality threshold improvement parameters

Parameter ID Value Range Recommended Value

ULQUALBADTRIG(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 3

ULQUALBADUPLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 5

DLQUALBADTRIG(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 2

DLQUALBADUPLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 10

AMRULQUALBADTRIG(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 3

AMRULQUALBADUPLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 6

AMRDLQUALBADTRIG(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 7 2

AMRDLQUALBADUPLEV(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 63 8
Maximum adjustment step parameters
Parameter ID Value Range Recommended Value
MAXADJPCVAL(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 32 8

AMRMAXVALADJRX(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 32 8

MAXSTEP0(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 30 2

MAXSTEP1(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 30 0

MAXSTEP2(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 30 0

QUALSTEP(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 4 2

AMRMAXADJPCVAL(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 32 8

AMRMAXVALADJRX(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 32 8

AMRMAXSTEP0(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 30 2

AMRMAXSTEP1(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 30 0

AMRMAXSTEP2(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 30 0

AMRQUALSTEP(BSC6900,BSC6910) 0 to 4 4
Huawei III Power Control Parameters
 PCIII algorithm activation parameters
Parameter ID Value Range Recommended Value
PWRCTRLSW(BSC6900,BSC6910) PWR2(Power control II), PWR3
PWR3(Power control III)
UPPCEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) NO(No), YES(Yes) YES
DNPCEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) NO(No), YES(Yes) YES
AMRCALLPCALLOWED(BSC6900,BSC6910) OFF(Not Allowed), ON
ON(Allowed)
NONAMRCALLPCALLOWED(BSC6900,BSC6910) OFF(Not Allowed), ON
ON(Allowed)
Basic PCIII algorithm parameters
Basic PCIII algorithm parameters
Optimized Huawei III Power Control Parameters
 The PCIII Opt. algorithm is achieved as follows:
– The receive level and receive quality are compensated for power control.
– The exponential non-linear filtering algorithm is used to filter MRs to eliminate various temporary
interferences.
– The calculation of the power adjustment step uses dual factors in low-level areas
– The formula for calculating the power adjustment step is optimized.
• PCIII Opt. algorithm activation parameters

– To activate the PCIII Opt. algorithm, set the PWRCTRLSW(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter

to PWR3(Power control III) and thePWRCTRLOPTIMIZEDEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter
to YES(Yes).
Basic PCIII Opt. algorithm parameters
Basic PCIII Opt. algorithm parameters
Active Power Control Parameters
 Active power control activation parameters

Parameter ID Value Range Recommended Value

PWRBCDALLOWD(BSC6900, NO(No), YES(Yes) NO
BSC6910)
UPPCEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) NO(No), YES(Yes) YES
DNPCEN(BSC6900,BSC6910) NO(No), YES(Yes) YES
PwrBCDOptimizeSwitch(BSC NO(No), YES(Yes) NO
6900,BSC6910)
 Key active power control parameters
Counters for verifying Power Control Algorithm
 Power Control Message Measurement <per Cell>
– Average MS Power Level of Non-AMR Call
– Average BTS Power Level of Non-AMR Call
– Ratio of Maximum Downlink Power Duration (%)
– Ratio of Maximum Uplink Power Duration (%)
– Mean Strength of Downlink Signals
– Mean Strength of Uplink Signals
– Mean Quality of Downlink Signals
– Mean Quality of Uplink Signals
 Interference Band Measurement <per TRX>
– Mean Number of SDCCHs in Interference Band 1-5
– Mean Number of TCHFs in Interference Band 1-5
– Mean Number of TCHHs in Interference Band 1-5
 Receive Quality Measurement <per TRX>
– Number of MRs on Uplink TCHF (Mean Receive Quality Rank 0-7)
– Number of MRs on Downlink TCHF (Mean Receive Quality Rank 0-7)
– Number of MRs on Uplink TCHH (Mean Receive Quality Rank 0-7)
– Number of MRs on Downlink TCHH (Mean Receive Quality Rank 0-7)
TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown
 The TRX power consumption is mainly generated by the power amplifier.
– When there is no traffic, only static power consumption of the power amplifier is generated, that is,
the dynamic power consumption is zero.
– When there is traffic, dynamic power consumption is generated. The dynamic power consumption
increases with the TRX output power.
– Generally, a cell is not always in the busy state. When the TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown
feature is enabled, only some TRXs carry the traffic in a cell, and the power amplifiers of the TRXs
not carrying traffic are shut down.
– That is, the power amplifiers of the TRXs whose dynamic power consumption is zero are shut down.
Therefore, the BTS power consumption is reduced.
– The TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown feature has no adverse effect on network quality.
– To minimize the impact of TRX power amplifier intelligent shutdown
StartTimeTACloseTrxPA(BSC6900,BSC6910) and EndTimeTACloseTrxPA(BSC6900,BSC6910) c
an be specified at the BSC. You
set StartMonthDSTPA(BSC6900,BSC6910) and StartDayDSTPA(BSC6900,BSC6910) at the BSC
so that the BSC disables the TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown feature from the specified
date. You can also
set EndMonthDSTPA(BSC6900,BSC6910) and EndDayDSTPA(BSC6900,BSC6910) so that the
TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown feature is enabled again from the specified date.
TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown
 The TRX whose power amplifiers can be shut down must meet the following conditions:
– The TRX works normally.
– The maximum operation interval of the TRX is greater
than ProtectTimeTrxPowerOn(BSC6900,BSC6910).
– After the TRX is shut down, an idle standalone dedicated control channel (SDCCH) is still available
for use in this cell.
– There is no packet traffic channel on the TRX.
– No channel under conversion exists on the TRX.
– The TRX does not carry the broadcast control channel (BCCH).
 If the TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown feature is enabled in a cell, the BSC predicts
the number of channels that the cell requires in the next one minute based on the history
channel usage when the TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown feature is not prohibited. If
the number of channels that the cell requires is smaller than that of the remaining channels
after a TRX is shut down, and the number of the remaining channels is greater than the value
of ReservedIdleCh(BSC6900,BSC6910), the BSC attempts to shut down a TRX having no
PDCH and whose channel usage is the lowest.
TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown
 The optimized double-transceiver unit supports separate control of two power amplifiers.
Therefore, the TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown on the Timeslot Level feature is
supported and the power consumption of the power amplifier on the timeslot level is zero.
There are eight timeslots in a TRX.
– The TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown on the Timeslot Level feature is controlled
by TSSHTDOWNEN(BSC6900,BSC6910), and can be applied to only the double-transceiver unit.
 GSM and UMTS Intelligent Shutdown Based on RAT Priority
– This feature is implemented by setting PWROFFPROTECTSTARTTIME(BSC6900,BSC6910) for
both GSM and UMTS. If GSM services have a higher priority than the UMTS services when the
mains power supply fails, PWROFFPROTECTSTARTTIME(BSC6900,BSC6910) concerning the
UMTS network is set to a small value.
– In this manner, the UMTS TRXs can be powered off rapidly and therefore the lifespan of the GSM
backup power is prolonged. Similarly, if UMTS services have a higher priority than the GSM services
when the mains power supply
fails, PWROFFPROTECTSTARTTIME(BSC6900,BSC6910) concerning the GSM network is set to a
small value. In this manner, the GSM TRXs can be powered off rapidly and therefore the lifespan of
the UMTS backup power is prolonged.
 Honey Charnalia
 HONEY.CHARNALIA@GMAIL.COM
 +91 8586972332
 Skype: honey_charnalia
THANK
THANK YOU
YOU