INTRODUCTION

• Biology  bios = life, logos = knowledge

– Is a science devoted to the study of living
organisms
• Mikrobiologi
• Ekologi
• Toksikologi
• Sanitasi
• Biokimia
• Bioteknologi
• Fisiologi pasca panen
• Ilmu gizi
• Patologi
• Fermentasi
• Antropologi
• Bakteriologi
• Virologi
Branches of Biology

• Virology • Anatomy
• Bacteriology • Histology
• Mycology • Physiology
• Botany • Biochemistry &
• Zoology molecular biology
The observable phenomena that distinguish
living matter from non-living matter
• Nutrition
– All living organisms need food  used as source of
energy & materials for living processes (e.g. growth)
– The distinction between the majority of plants and
animal
• Plants  autotrophic nutrition
• Animals/fungi  heterotrophic nutrition
– Bacteria : heterotrophic & autotropic

•
• Respiration
– The process that liberates chemical energy
when organic molecules are oxidized
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + eng
• Irritability
– Living organisms have ability to respond to
changes in both the internal & external
environments.
– E.g.
• Movement
– Animals  locomote  necessary to obtain
their food
– Plants  can manufacture their own food
from raw materials obtained in one place
– Movement in plants  within their cell &
within whole structure, although at a much
slower rate than animal
• Excretion
– The removal of metabolism waste products
from the body
• Reproduction
– The life span of organisms is limited.
– Sexual
– Asexual
• Growth
– Non-living:
• Grow by the addition of new material to their
outside surface
– Living
• Grow from within
• Using food, obtained by autotrophic &
heterotrophic
• The molecules are formed into new living
protoplasm during the process of assimilation