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Kuliah 10 Class
Kuliah 10 Class
Kuliah 10 Class
H1 1 2 3 4 C
H 1 3 C1
H 2 4 C2
Loops
Pinch
H1 1 2 3 4 C
H 1 3 C1
H 2 4 C2
Loops
Pinch
H1 1 2 3 4 C
H 1 3 C1
H 2 4 C2
Loops
Pinch
H1 1 2 3 4 C
H 1 3 C1
H 2 4 C2
Loops
Pinch
H1 1 2 3 4 C
H 1 3 C1
H 2 4 C2
H1 1 C
H2 2 3
1 C1
2 C2
H 3 C2
H 1 3 C1
H 2 C2
DTmin = 10oC
(Linnhoff and Flower, 1978)
Example
• Step 1: Temperature Intervals
(subtract ΔTmin from hot temperatures)
• Temperature Intervals
180oC 170oC 140oC 130oC ...
... 60oC 30oC
Example
• Step 2: Interval heat balances
(For each interval, compute:
ΔHi = (Ti − Ti+1)×(ΣCPHot −ΣCPCold )
Example
Inter ΣCPHot−
val
H1 H2 C1 C2 Ti Ti+1 ΣCP ΔHi
Cold
1 180 10 -3,0 -30
2 170 30 -1,0 -30
3 140 10 3,0 30
4 130 70 0,4 28
5 60 30 3,4 102
6 30
QH QH = 0 QH = 60
Example T1 = 180oC
DH = - 30
Q1 Q1 = -30 Q1 = 30
• Step 3: T2 = 170oC
Form DH = - 30
enthalpy T3 = 140oC
Q2 Q2 = -60 Q2 = 0
cascade. DH = 30
Q3 Q3 = -30 Q3 = 30
T4 = 130oC
DH = 28
This defines: Q4 Q4 = -2 Q4 = 58
T5 = 60oC
Cold pinch = 140oC
DH = 102
QHmin = 60 kW
QCmin = 160 kW QC QC = 100 QC = 160
T7 = 30oC
Example
• MER Design above the pinch:
180oC 150oC
H1 C CP = 2,0
151,1oC 186,66
180oC 113,33oC 100oC
60oC
H C C C C1 CP = 3,0
86,66 113,33 40 120
130oC 94,1oC 30oC
C C C2 CP = 2,6
93,33 166,66
151,1oC 186,66
180oC 113,33oC 100oC
60oC
H C C C C1 CP = 3,0
86,66 113,33 40 120
130oC 94,1oC 30oC
C C C2 CP = 2,6
93,33 166,66
Example
Identification and elimination of 2nd loop:
180oC 123,33oC 40oC
H1 C C CP = 2,0
151,1oC 186,66
180oC 113,33oC 60oC
H C C C1 CP = 3,0
86,66 113,33 160
130oC 94,1oC 30oC
C C C2 CP = 2,6
93,33 166,66
Example
Identification and elimination of 2nd loop:
151,1oC 186,66
180oC 113,33oC 60oC
H C C C1 CP = 3,0
86,66 113,33 160
130oC 94,1oC 30oC
C C C2 CP = 2,6
93,33 166,66
Example
Identification and elimination of 3rd loop:
151,1oC 186,66
180oC 144,44oC 60oC
H C C1 CP = 3,0
86,66 20 253,33
130oC 30oC
C C2 CP = 2,6
260
ΔTmin volation = 150 – 144,44 = 5,56 ≤ 10
Example
Identification and elimination of 3rd loop:
180oC 170oC 40oC
H1 C C CP = 2,0
100 20 240
130oC 30oC
C C2 CP = 2,6
260
Loop Breaking - Summary
Step 1:
Perform MER Design for UHEX units. Try and
ensure that design meets UMin,MER separately
above and below the pinch.
Loop Breaking - Summary
Step 2:
Compute the minimum number of units:
UMin = NStream + NUtilIity − 1
This identifies UHEX − Umin independent “heat
loops”, which can be eliminated to reduce U.
Loop Breaking - Summary
Step 3:
For each loop, eliminate a unit. If this causes a
ΔTmin violation, identify the “heat path” and
perform “energy relaxation” by increasing the
duties of the cooler and heater on the heat
path
Stream split design
Stream split design
The number of hot stream on the cold side is
less than the number of cold stream.
The number of cold stream on the hot side is
less than the number of hot stream.
Stream splitting helps to reduce the number
of exchanger, without increasing the utility
duties.
Example
Stream Ts (oC) Tt (oC) CP Q (kW)
(kW/oC)
H1 200 100 5 500
H2 150 100 4 200
C1 90 190 10 1,000
150o 100o
H2 CP = 4
190o 90o
C1 CP = 10
Example
Solution:
Since NH > NC, we must split C1. The split ratio is dictated
by the rule: CPH ≤ CPC (necessary condition) and by a
desire to minimize the number of units (“tick off “streams)
Example
200o 100o
H1 CP = 5
150o 100o
H2 CP = 4
190o T1 x 90o
C1 CP = 10
500
T2
10 - x
200
Example
200o 100o
H1 CP = 5
H2
150o 100o
CP = 4