ISWIPS 2018- Protein Biochemistry

AHMAD MUCHLIS, M.Si.

Dr. EDDYMAN W FERIAL
Laying hens are chickens that have superior properties in
egg or chicken production with high egg production
ability.
Characteristics of laying hens are nervous or easily
surprised, slim body shape, white ear lobes, high egg
production, around 200 grains/head/year, efficient in
using rations for egg production, and do not have the
nature of incubation.
Feeds in laying hens are usually focused on high levels
of protein for egg formation, but if not properly
regulated, protein metabolism will actually increase uric
acid levels and urea levels in the body of livestock
Uric acid, which is not removed from the bloodstream,
will begin to crystallize and collect in various places in
the body of livestock, commonly called gout
(McCrudden, 2000).
Gout can affect birds in two different ways, internal swelling
and inflammation of the legs and wings Accumulation of the
joints and surrounding tissues, usually in the legs and wings, is
articular gout. This is considered as a form of chronic gout
and appears as swelling in the joints and can cause an
inability to regulate body balance (McCrudden, 2000).
Very high protein in the body of earthworms and
various mineral sources in seaweed, is expected to
balance the levels of uric acid and glucose in the
blood of laying hens.
This research was conducted in February
2017, held at the laying hens at CV. Putri
Mitra Persada in the Tamalate sub-district
and measured parameter checks were
carried out at the Unibos Animal Husbandry
Laboratory.
 The material used in this study was laying
chickens aged 57 weeks laying 48 eggs, battery
cages, mixture of commercial feed (flour concentrate
and milled corn with a ratio of 50:50), earthworm
flour, seaweed flour, EDTA K3 anticoagulant, Turk
solvent, Rees and Ecker solvent, wax, 70% alcohol, HCL
0.1 N, distilled water, label paper, filter paper, glass
cover, and cotton. test tube, centrifuge, microscope, and
spoite.
Table 3. Substance of Mixed Feed Nutrition
Tepung Tepung
Perlakuan Jagung *> Konsentrat**> Cacing Rumput Laut
Tanah ***> ****>
Jumlah Bahan Pakan (%) 50 50 0 0
Kandungan Protein 9 34 61 1,3
Jumlah Kandungan Protein Pakan (%)
4,5 17 0 0
P0 Kandungan Energy Metabolisme
3258,3 2100 3674,1 312
Jumlah Kandungan Energy Metabolisme Pakan (kkal/kg)
1629,15 1050 0 0

Jumlah Bahan Pakan (%) 50 30 15 5

Kandungan Protein 9 34 61 1,3
Jumlah Kandungan Protein Pakan (%)
4,5 10,2 9,15 0,065
P1 Kandungan Energy Metabolisme
3258,3 2100 3674,1 312
Jumlah Kandungan Energy Metabolisme Pakan (kkal/kg)
1629,15 630 551,115 15,6

Jumlah Bahan Pakan (%) 50 30 10 10

Kandungan Protein 9 34 61 1,3
Jumlah Kandungan Protein Pakan (%)
4,5 10,2 6,1 1,3
P2 Kandungan Energy Metabolisme
3258,3 2100 3674,1 312
Jumlah Kandungan Energy Metabolisme Pakan (kkal/kg)
1629,15 630 367,41 31,2

Jumlah Bahan Pakan (%) 50 30 5 15

Kandungan Protein 9 34 61 1,3
Jumlah Kandungan Protein Pakan (%)
4,5 10,2 3,05 0,195
P3 Kandungan Energy Metabolisme
3258,3 2100 3674,1 312
Jumlah Kandungan Energy Metabolisme Pakan (kkal/kg)
1629,15 630 183,705 46,8

Jumlah Bahan Pakan (%) 50 30 20 0

Kandungan Protein 9 34 61 1,3
Jumlah Kandungan Protein Pakan (%)
4,5 10,2 12,2 0
P4 Kandungan Energy Metabolisme
3258,3 2100 3674,1 312
Jumlah Kandungan Energy Metabolisme Pakan (kkal/kg)
1629,15 630 734,82 0

Jumlah Bahan Pakan (%) 50 30 0 20

Kandungan Protein 9 34 61 1,3
Jumlah Kandungan Protein Pakan (%)
4,5 10,2 0 0,26
P5 Kandungan Energy Metabolisme
3258,3 2100 3674,1 312
Jumlah Kandungan Energy Metabolisme Pakan (kkal/kg)
1629,15 630 0 62,4
• The study design used a one-way Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) using 6 (six) treatments
with 4 replications, where each replication
contained 2 (two) chickens.
• Determination of the treatment dose refers to the
results of the study of Hasyim (2015), which
showed that the use of earthworm flour and
seaweed flour up to 30% in feed still had a
positive effect on improving the quality and
quantity of chicken eggs.
The feed treatment used is as follows:
P0 = 100% Basal Feed Mixture (Control)
P1 = 80% Basal Feed Mixture + 15% Earthworm + 5%
Seaweed
P2 = 80% Basal Feed Mixture + 10% Earthworm + 10%
Seaweed
P3 = 80% Basal Feed Mixture + 5% Earthworm + 15%
Seaweed.
P4 = 80% Basal Feed Mixture + 20% Earthworm.
P5 = Basal Feed Mixture 80% + 20% Seaweed.
The following is a research design chart with a
completely randomized design:
• Stages of Data Collection
Taking blood samples to be analyzed was carried out on the
31st day of feeding treatment. Blood is taken in the
branchial vein of the chicken wing area using a 3 ml syringe
(23G x 1 1/4 "needle) under the muscular pronator tendon
up to 0.5 - 1 ml
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Uric Acid Levels

The results of uric acid levels in the blood of laying hens are
presented in table 5. as follows:

Uric Acid Levels (mg/dL)

Repeat
P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
1 4.66 4.63 4.37 4.45 4.56 4.57
2 4.81 4.70 4.75 4.68 4.64 4.68
3 4.63 4.47 4.66 4.47 4.66 4.61
4 4.80 4.55 4.57 4.66 4.84 4.62
Average 4.72 4.59 4.58 4.56 4.67 4.62
Uric acid levels in the blood of laying hens given feed treatment
with addition of earthworm flour and seaweed flour at different
levels did not show a significant effect (P> 0.05), with a range of
values between 4.56 - 4.67 mg / dL.

Uric acid (uric acid, urate) is a purine derivative compound with

the chemical formula C5H4N4O3 and a normal plasma ratio of
4.55-4.86mg / dL in chicken blood (Favlik, et. Al. 2007).

The results obtained in this study prove that the use of earthworm
flour which is high in amino acids at the level of 20% proved not
to cause high levels of uric acid in the blood.
Glucose Levels
Based on the research that has been done, the results of glucose
levels in the blood of laying hens are presented in table 6. as follows:
Table 6. Glucose Levels in Blood of Laying Research Chicken.

Glucose Levels (mg/dL)

Repeat
P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
1 251 254 249 248 246 252
2 253 240 252 254 256 251
3 250 256 251 249 256 251
4 250 256 251 242 249 248

Average 251.00 251.38 250.38 248.00 251.50 250.25

glucose levels in the blood of laying hens given feed
treatment with the addition of earthworm flour and seaweed
flour at different levels did not show a significant effect (P>
0.05). glucose levels obtained in this study ranged from 248
- 251.5mg / dL.
One of the biochemical profiles of blood associated
with the process of energy metabolism is glucose.
Glucose levels are an indication of energy use in the
chicken body. Nasreldin, et. Al., (1988) who reported
that during the laying period the average glucose level
in the Isa Brown strain chicken plasma ranged from
224.64 - 253.44 mg / dL, measured from 22 to 75
weeks.
The addition of earthworm flour and seaweed
flour in the basal feed of laying hens in this
study did not have an effect on high or low
blood glucose levels, due to the energy source
of feed obtained entirely at the yellow corn
ration in feed.