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Acceptance Sampling Presentation
Acceptance Sampling Presentation
Acceptance Sampling
Dan O’Leary CBA, CQA, CQE, CRE, SSBB, CIRM
President
Ombu Enterprises, LLC
Dan@OmbuEnterprises.com
www.OmbuEnterprises.com
OMBU 603-358-3082
ENTERPRISES, LLC
© 2009, 2010 Ombu Enterprises, LLC
How will
you decide?
Attributes Variables
• We classify things using • We measure things using
attributes variables
– A stop light can be one of – The temperature of the
three colors: red, yellow, or oven is 350° F
green – The tire pressure is 37
– The weather can be sunny, pounds per square inch
cloudy, raining, or snowing (psi).
– A part can be conforming or – The critical dimension for
nonconforming this part number is 3.47
inches.
B A
• ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 and ISO 2859-1 are the classical methods evolved
from MIL-STD-105
• You practice good driving techniques, but you don’t cancel your
insurance policy
Attribute Sampling Ombu Enterprises, LLC 11
Attribute Sampling Plans
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
• ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
– Current version is ANSI/ASQ Z1.4: 2008
• FDA Recognition
– The FDA recognizes ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2008 as a General consensus standard
– Extent of Recognition: Use of all Single, Double and Multiple sampling plans
according to the standard's switching rules to make acceptance/rejection
decisions on a continuous stream of lots for a specified Acceptance Quality Limit
(AQL).
Lot Size
Code
Inspection Letter
Level (Tbl. I)
Table
S/D/M II, III, or IV
Sub-table
N/R/T A, B, or C Sampling
Plan
Traditional Information Sources AQL ni, ci, & ri
Purchasing – Lot Size
Quality Engineer – Inspection Level, S/D/M, AQL
Lot History – N/R/T
Table
II, III, or IV
Sub-table
N/R/T A, B, or C
• Note, however, that you may have to use the “sliders” to get
the sampling plan.
Sample Size = 20
Sub-table Accept on 2
Reject on 3
A, B, or C Sampling
Plan
AQL ni, ci, & ri
– Use the new plan (with the new code letter, sample size, accept
number, and reject number).
• Your supplier calls your buyer and says, “We were near the end of a
raw material run, and made 160 widgets, instead of 150. Can I ship
all 160 this time?”
Tightened Discontinue
2 of 5 10 of 10
Rej Rej
5 of 5
Acc
Start Normal
1 of 1
Rej
10 of 10
Acc
Reduced
n x
Pr x p 1 p n x , x 0,1, , n
x
7 0.0020 0.2000
Pr(s)
8 0.0004 0.1500
9 0.0001
0.1000
10 0.0000
0.0500
11 0.0000
12 0.0000 0.0000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
... ...
s
20 0.0000
• It does not . . .
– Provide a process or product specification
– Allow the supplier to knowingly submit nonconforming
product
– Provide a license to stop continuous improvement
activities
Producer Consumer
Production Acceptance
Process Process
Probability of acceptance, Pa
80.0%
100.0% 100.0%
n= 50, c=1
Probability of acceptance, Pa
Probability of acceptance, Pa
20.0% 20.0%
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0%
Percent nonconforming, p Percent nonconforming, p
Lot Producer’s
OK
Producer’s conforms Risk
Activity Lot doesn’t Consumer’s
Risk
OK
conform
Probability of acceptance, Pa
80.0%
100.0%
1-α
Probability of acceptance, Pa
80.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
20.0%
β
0.0%
AQL IQL RQL
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%
Percent nonconform ing, p
Pa pN n 3.0%
AOQ 2.0%
The AOQ curve for
N N = 150, n = 20, c = 2
1.0%
140.0
If the lot is totally
nonconforming, p=1.0 120.0
ATI n 1 Pa N n
60.0 The ATI curve for
40.0 N = 150, n = 20, c = 2
Probability of acceptance, Pa
80.0%
The OC curve for
The Consumer’s Risk has a 60.0% N = 150, n = 20, c = 2
value of β. 50.0%
The point (p2, β) shows the 40.0%
probability of accepting a lot
with quality p2. 20.0%
β
The point (p3, 0.5) shows the 0.0%
p1 10.0% p3 p2
0.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%
probability of acceptance is
0.5. Percent nonconforming, p
• The c=0 plans try to match the Z1.4 plans at the RQL (or
LTPD) point.
Attribute Sampling Ombu Enterprises, LLC 63
Comparison of plans
Z1.4:
N=1300, 100.0%
AQL=4.0%,
Probability of acceptance, Pa
n=125, 80.0%
Z1.4
c=10
60.0%
c=0: C=0
40.0%
N=1300
(12.0%, 10.0%)
AQL=4.0% 20.0%
n=18
c=0 0.0%
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0%
Percent nonconform ing, p
• Hold everything else the same and change from Z1.4 to the corresponding
c=0 plan
– Your inspection costs drop from 125 to 18 pieces
– Your percentage of rejected lots goes from nearly 0% to about 30%.
• Switching rules
N → T: 2 of 5 rejected
T → N: 5 of 5 accepted
N → R: 10 of 10 accepted
R → N: 1 rejected
• There are two common (and many more) sampling plans in use.
– ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
– c=0