SEMINAR ON OPTICAL

FIBRES
NAME : SUVRAJIT DAS
MAHAPATRA

STREAM : ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

ROLL :2012-2060

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
 Introduction

Fiber-optic communication is a
method of transmitting information
from one place to another by sending
pulses of light through an optical fiber.
The light forms an electromagnetic
carrier wave that is modulated to
carry information.Communication via
Optical Fibres was first introduced in
mid 1970s.
Construction of Optical
Fiber

Basic Structure of fiber optic cable

 Core
 Cladding
 Buffer
 Jacket
Light propagation in a
fiber

The light in a fiber-optic travels through the

core by constantly bouncing from the
cladding, a principle called total internal
reflection. Because the cladding does not
absorb any light from the core, the light
wave can travel great distances
 Type of optical fiber
 Single Mode Fibers
These are called as single mode fibers because they support
on one mode of propagation.
 Multimode fibers
These are called as multimode fibers because they support
simultaneous propagation of many modes
Working of optical communication
Devices used in fiber
communication system

 Optical Source
 Transmitter
 Optical Fiber
 Receiver
 Optical Detector
Working of optical
communication
In the Working of an optical communication
system,the information signal is given to the
amplifier for amplifying the signal and then it is
given to the light source.It converts the
information signal in to light signal and gives it to
the transmitter for transmitting the signal and then
the signal passes through the fiber with line
coupler and the signals travel long distance
through the fiber.On the receiver section,the
signals are received and given to the photo
detector to convert the light energy into electrical
energy and signals are amplified at output .
Advantage of optical
fiber communication
 Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (no change of magnetic
fields with changing amount of flow of electrons)
 Data Security (magnetic fields stay bounded within fibre leading to the
requirement of highly developed skills to tap information)
 Non Conductive Cables(elimination of metal saves components from
lightning strikes)
 Eliminating Spark Hazards(sparks in other cables may be hazardous in
industrial areas)
 Ease Of Installation (small and can be easily channeled through a
ventilator)
 High Bandwidth Parameter Over Long Distances (approx. 400 MHZ/km
against few MHZ/km as in coaxial cables)
DISADVANTAGE OF OPTICAL
FIBER COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
 Price (more expensive than copper
wire/metre)
 Joining difficulties (skills to join from
core to core)
 Affected by chemicals( hydrogen gas
in underwater cables)
 Fragility (jacket pecked by
birds,plastic shielding is diet to ants)
 Loss In optical fibers

 Signal Loss in Multimode and Single-Mode Fiber-

Optic Cable (varying sources has varying
wavelengths in multimode; exceeding signal
travelling distance results loss in single mode)
 Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber-Optic Cable
(reduction in power of light leading to the
requirement of efficient optical data link;
dispersion due to various modes;)
Application of optical
fiber communication
 Biomedical Industries (Diagonised images)
 Broadcast Television ( HDTV )
 Computer Networks ( MNCs )
o LAN
o MAN
o WAN
 Telephone Exchange
 Smart highway( automated tollbooths use
telemetry systems)
 CONCLUSION

Fiber optic transmission has found a vast

array of applications in computer systems.
There are a number of essential points
about fiber optics that have been
mentioned throughout this report. Optical
interconnections offer several advantages
over metallic interconnections. As we move
towards a more sophisticated and modern
future, the uses of fiber optics are going to
grow in all computer systems as well as
telecommunication networks.
 REFERENCES

1. www.doc.ic.ac.uk
2. www.vigyanprasar.gov.in
3. www.timbercon.com
4. www.juniper.net
5. www.fiber-optics.info
6. optical-fibres.tripod.com