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EM Waves and Spextrum PDF
EM Waves and Spextrum PDF
TMERUCSP
ADATIRION
CORTSMLEEMNGAEIT
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Electromagnetic waves and
the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Learning Competencies
At this speed,
the rays of the
sun take 8
minutes to reach
the Earth.
Properties of electromagnetic waves include
speed, frequency and wavelength. This can be
expressed in a mathematical relationship:
C=fλ
c= 3.0 𝑥 108 wave speed (m/s)
f= frequency (Hertz/Hz)
λ = wavelength (m)
Sample Problem:
• What is the frequency of a red laser beam with a
wavelength of 7.4𝑥10−7 m?
Given: λ = 7.4𝑥10−7 m c = 3.0 𝑥 108 m/s
Unknown: f
Equation: f=c/λ
3.0 𝑥 108 𝑚/𝑠
Solution:
7.4𝑥10−7 𝑚
Answer: f=4.05 Hz
• Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the range of
electromagnetic waves when placed in order of
increasing frequency
Notice the wavelength is
long (Radio waves) and gets shorter (Gamma Rays)
Relationship Between
Wavelength & Frequency
All parts of the electromagnetic spectrum travel
at the same speed
Therefore, wavelength and frequency have an
indirect relationship.
This means that as one characteristic increases,
the other decreases
In other words, as wavelength increases,
frequency decreases
Wavelength, Frequency, Energy
• Electromagnetic wave characteristics:
– short wavelengths have a high frequency
– long wavelengths have a low frequency
The Electromagnetic
Spectrum 14
Fill in the table below:
long
high
1. Low frequency waves have __________.
a. short wavelength and high energy
b. long wavelengths and low energy
2. Which waves have the lowest frequency?
a. Radio waves
b. Visible light
3. Which waves have the shortest wavelength?
a. Infrared rays
b. Gamma rays
4. Microwaves are a type of __________.
a. Radio waves
b. X-rays
5. Waves with higher frequencies have higher energies. Which rays have the highest
energy?
a. Ultraviolet rays
b. Gamma rays
ASSIGNMENT:
A mnemonic device helps you remember important
information in a very creative way. For this lesson, a
sample of such device goes like this: Raul’s Mother Is
Visiting Uncle Xavier’s Garden. The frequencies and
energies increase and wavelengths decrease as you
proceed through the words. Come up with your own
mnemonic device to help you remember the bands of
the EM Spectrum.
The Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Sir William Herschel
• Discovered in 1800 the existence of infrared by
passing sunlight through a prism. The prism divides it
into rainbow of colors called a spectrum.
• He placed a thermometer just past the red part of the
spectrum in a region where there was no visible light
and found that the temperature there was even
higher.
• He realized that there must be another type of light
which we cannot see and this is Infrared.
The following are some useful applications of IR
radiation:
1. Infrared photographs taken from a satellite with
special films provide useful details of the vegetation on
the Earth’s surface.
2. Infrared scanners are used to show the temperature
variation of the body. This can be used for medical
diagnosis.
3. Infrared remote controls are used in TVs, video,
cassette recorders, and other electronic appliances.
Thermogram—a picture that shows regions of different temperatures
in the body. Temperatures are calculated by the amount of infrared
radiation given off.
•Therefore people give off
infrared rays.
The Electromagnetic
Spectrum
range of frequencies
are our eyes
sensitive to
𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 - 𝟕. 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒
The Electromagnetic
Spectrum 30
ULTRAVIOLET WAVES
• Ultraviolet waves have shorter
wavelengths than the visible light
and carry more energy.
• Used in tanning beds and
sterilizing equipment
• Sun is our main source of
ultraviolet radiation but there are
also artificial sources of UV light
• Can cause skin cancer and
blindness in humans The Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Uses of Ultraviolet Radiation
X-RAYS
Spectrum
The Electromagnetic
Spectrum 39
RISKS AND HAZARDS OF EM SPECTRUM
• Radiation – in general can be defined as the process
of emitting energy by any of the 2 basic carriers: (1)
particles, such as high energy protons, neutrons,
electrons, atoms, and ions; (2) waves, either light or
sound. A common example of radiation is sunlight.
• Radiation is also the energy emitted by an unstable
atoms before it reaches stability.
• can be both natural or manmade
Ionizing Radiation
• An especially damaging form of radiation measured in
millirems.
• Can break apart atoms and molecules, causing severe
damage in living organisms, either by affecting living
tissue directly or by prompting changes in the DNA.
• Most significant forms of ionizing radiation are: X-rays
and Gamma rays
Effects of Radiation to Humans
• Eye and skin damage, skin cancer
• Genetic mutations
• Nausea, fatigue, vomiting, hairloss, diarrhea,
hemorrhage
• Destruction of intestinal lining, internal bleeding
• Destruction to central nervous system, loss of
consciousness
• Death
Most Effective Ways to Protect Against
Radiation