Accord de Paris

-Lyza Pelagio’s Presentation-

WHAT IS THE “PARIS ACCORD”? 2

It is an agreement within the United Nations

Framework on Climate Change (UNFCC)

Deals with greenhouse-gas-emissions, mitigation,

adaptation, and finance, starting in the year 2020.

Negotiated by 196 representatives of 196 state parties

in Le Bourget near Paris, France and adopted by
consensus on 12 December 2015.

GOAL: TO KEEP WORLD’S TEMPERATURE BELOW

2 °C AND TO LIMIT THE INCREASE TO 1.5 °C
 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT 3

Financing: From 2020, Rich countries

Aim: To keep increase in global average temperature must contribute at least $100 billion
to well below 2C and to 1.5C if possible per year. This amount will be
reviewed in 2025.

Objective: to level off greenhouse gas emissions as

soon as possible.
New Mechanism: loss and
damage. Measures must be
Principal: to differentiate between developed and taken to avert, minimize
developing countries. Developed countries must and address the concrete
lead the way for reduction of emissions and effects of climate change in
support developing countries in implementing this. order to help the most
Other countries with the ability to do so may also vulnerable parties.
contribute their support on a voluntary basis to
achieve this target.

Means: countries must submit Intended Nationally Entry into force: In 2020 if the Agreement is
Determined Contributions (INDCs) which are revised ratified by 55 countries accounting for 55% of
upwards every 5 years. global greenhouse gas emissions.
NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS 4

(NDCS)

The contribution that each individual country should make in order to

achieve the worldwide goal, determined by the countries individually

Furthermore, there will be no mechanism to force a country to set a target in

Article
The3 requires themshould
contributions to be "ambitious",
be reported"represent
every five ayears
progression
and are over
to betime"
their NDC by a specific date and no enforcement if a set target in NDC is not
and set "with the view to achieving
registered the purpose
by the UNFCCC of this Agreement".
Secretariat.
met.

The ‘contributions’ themselves are not binding as a matter of international

law, as they lack the specificity, normative character, or obligatory language
necessary to create binding norms.
 UNDER THE PARIS ACCORD, EACH COUNTRY 5

MUST:
DETERMINE

PLAN

REGULARLY REPORT ON THE

CONTRIBUTION THAT IT
UNDERTAKES TO MITIGATE
GLOBAL WARMING.

Your Logo Here

 6

Your Logo Here

 GENERAL STRUCTURE 7

United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change
Adopted 1992 Entered into force 1995

Kyoto Protocol
Adopted 1997 Entered into force 2005
First Commitment Period 2008-2012

Paris Agreement
Adopted 2015 Signed 2016
Enters into force 4 November 2016

Your Logo Here

 ---- JUNE 2017 ----
• Donald Trump announced his intention to
withdraw his country from the agreement.
• Earliest effective date of withdrawal of the
United States: November 2020 (Before the
end of Trump’s current term)
• The White House later clarified that the
U.S. will abide by the four-year exit
process

WHY?
 DONALD TRUMP’S TALKING POINTS ON US’
WITHDRAWAL FROM THE PARIS ACCORD
The Paris Agreement hurts
the US economy with the
loss of jobs and vastly
diminished economic
production in key sectors.
The Paris Agreement is
unfair – it punishes US while
not imposing meaningful
obligations on the world’s
leading polluters.
The Paris Agreement is
unfair because it allows
others (China, India, EU) to
build coal-fired power
plants, but not the USA.
9
The Paris Agreement, even
if implemented in full has
1 4 only negligible impact – is
estimated to reduce global
temperature by only 0.2°C
in 2100.
The US needs all energy
2 5 sources for expected
economic growth 3-4% per
year.
The Paris Agreement forces
the US to pay a vast fortune
3 6 to the Green Climate Fund
(GCF), with others not
expected to pay. The PA will
force much higher payments
in future. Major polluters do
not have to contribute.
 “RENEGOTIATION IS POSSIBLE”
“…the United States will withdraw from
the Paris Climate Accord, but begin
negotiations to re-enter, either the Paris
Accord or a really entirely new
transaction on terms that are fair to the
United States, its businesses, its workers,
its people, its taxpayers. So we're getting
out. But we will start to negotiate, and
we will see if we can make a deal that's
fair. And if we can, that's great. And if we
can't, that's fine.”
10
If one country walks away from a hard
“The Paris Agreement remains a historic fought agreement after others have
treaty signed by 195 and ratified by 146 made substantial concessions and
counties plus the European Union. compromises to accommodate that
Therefore it cannot be renegotiated Party, the entire foundation of the
based on the request of a single Party” multilateral negotiating process is
undermined.
Your Logo Here
UNITED STATES CLIMATE ALLIANCE 11
States united for climate action
A coalition of several governors of U.S. that continues to
advance the objectives of the Paris Agreement at the state
level despite the federal withdrawal.

MEMBERS
1. California 15. North Carolina
2. New York 16. Maryland
3. Washington 17. New Jersey
4. Connecticut 18. Illinois
5. Rhode Island 19. New Mexico
6. Massachusetts 20. Michigan
7. Vermont 21. Wisconsin
8. Oregon
9. Hawaii
10. Virginia
11. Minnesota
12. Delaware
13. Puerto Rico
14. Colorado
Your Logo Here
 SOME COUNTRIES THAT HAS TAKEN CLIMATE ACTION
12

FRANCE NORWAY NETHERLANDS

Ban sale of petrol & diesel- Ban sale of petrol & diesel
Ban all petrol and diesel vehicles.
powered cars. powered cars.

• In July 2017 French Environment Minister • Electric trains running on the Dutch
Nicolas Hulot announced a plan to ban all national rail network are already
petrol and diesel vehicles in France by entirely powered by wind energy
• Norway will ban the sale of petrol- • The House of Representatives of the
2040
and diesel-powered cars by 2025 Netherlands passed a bill in June 2018
• France would no longer use coal to
produce electricity after 2022 mandating that by 2050 the
• Up to €4 billion will be invested in Netherlands will cut its 1990
boosting energy efficiency greenhouse-gas emissions level by
95%—exceeding the Paris Agreement
goals
 13

PARIS AGREEMENT

Your Logo Here

CLIMATE CHANGE TRACKER 14

Your Logo Here

CLIMATE CHANGE TRACKER 15

Your Logo Here

 KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PARIS
AGREEMENT & THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
KYOTO PROTOCOL
Legally binds developed countries to
reduce their emissions.
During the 1st commitment period of KP
(2008-2012), developed countries were
required to reduce their emissions 5%
below the 1990 level.
During the present second commitment
period of the Kyoto protocol which spans
between 2013-2010 these nations are
required to reduce the emissions by 18%.
KP does not bind developing countries to cut down their
GHG emissions.
16
PARIS AGREEMENT
Legally binds developed and developing
countries to reduce their emissions.
All nations must do their part, with no
exception for developing nations.
It made all the nations under UNFCCC to
voluntarily commit on their own
domestic emission reduction targets.
PA binds not only the developed countries but also,
developing countries to cut down their GHG emissions.
 KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PARIS 17

AGREEMENT & THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

KYOTO PROTOCOL PARIS AGREEMENT

KP
The approach adopted
PA
by Kyoto protocol was
top down in terms of
emission reduction
target
It is the countries that have
decided internally (national
pledges) how much
emissions they aim
to reduce. This makes the
Paris Agreement’s approach
more bottom up.
 Philippines in the Paris Agreement

• In 2015, the Philippines committed to

reduce its emissions by 70 percent by
2030.

• Public Utility Vehicle Modernization

Plan
- It is a comprehensive system reform
that will entirely change the public
land transportation industry.
- The program calls for the phasing-out
jeepneys, buses and other Public
Utility Vehicles (PUVs) that are at least
15 years old and replacing them with
safer, more comfortable and more
environmentally-friendly alternative
Philippines in the Paris Agreement

• Boracay (2018) &

Manila Bay Cleanup
(2019)
• Tullahan River
 The future will
either be green
or not at all.