SUBORDINATE

CLAUSES
SUBORDINATE (sometimes called ‘dependent’) clauses cannot
stand alone as major sentences. For example:

Because she is generous.

This is an example of a minor sentence or fragment.

 They take the place of noun phrases, as the subject, object or
predicative of a clause.

NOMINAL They begin with wh- words or that :

CLAUSES (subject) What I like best is swimming.

That she is brilliant is well-known.

(object) I know what you like.

where you’re going.
how we can do it.
that you’re unhappy.

(predicative) This is what I like best.

 Nominal clauses also appear as the object of reporting verbs:

She said that she is retiring next year.

‘What are you doing?’ I asked.
I told her what you like.

When that introduces an object nominal clause, it may be omitted:

I know you’re unhappy.

She said she is retiring next year.
 Adverbial clauses function as adverbials in the main clause.

They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions:

ADVERBIAL 1. She got the job because she has a lot of experience.
CLAUSES Why (did she get the job)?

2. I left before the concert finished.

(When . . . ?)

Not all subordinate adverbial clauses can be related to wh- questions:

Although he’s rich, he has few friends.

 Appositive clauses are introduced by that (which can
APPOSI be omitted), and form the postmodification of noun
phrases.
TIVE
CLAUSE They are associated with abstract nouns such as fact
and news.

S
The fact that you are here proves it.
(Also The fact you are here proves it.)

The news that he has recovered has cheered everyone up.

 COMPLEMENT CLAUSES
Subordinate clauses can also appear as complements of adjectives and
nouns, that is, as part of their phrases. They are introduced by that
(which can be omitted):

I’m afraid that we’ll be late. (Also I’m afraid we’ll be late.)
I’m sure that you’ll find it satisfactory.
There is a fear that the recession will cause more job losses.
The belief that it prevents ageing is widespread.

Complement clauses preceded by a noun look like appositive

clauses, but they are different since we cannot omit the preceding
noun.
To say ‘That it prevents ageing is widespread’ is meaningless.
We can paraphrase them with a related verb in place of the noun
followed by a nominal clause:

They believe that it prevents ageing.

Complement clauses also look similar to relative clauses introduced

by that, but we can see the difference in these two examples:

Somewhere, there is a report that no one has read.

(relative)
There is a report that fighting has broken out.
(complement)
 9

Hello!
I am Jayden Smith
I am here because I love to give presentations.
You can find me at @username
 1.
Transition
headline
Let’s start with the first set
of slides
 “
11

Quotations are commonly printed as a

means of inspiration and to invoke
philosophical thoughts from the
reader.
 12

In two or three Yellow Blue Red

columns Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe clear sky and the deep and because of this it
lemons. In the sea. It is located has historically been
spectrum of visible between violet and associated with
light, yellow is found green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
between green and spectrum. courage.
orange.
 13

A picture is worth
a thousand
words
A complex idea can be
conveyed with just a
single still image,
namely making it
possible to absorb large
amounts of data quickly.
 14

Want big impact?

Use big image.
 15

Use charts to
explain your Yellow Blue
ideas

Red
 16

And tables to A B C
compare data
Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16
 17
Maps

our office
 18

89,526,12
4
Whoa! That’s a big number, aren’t you proud?
 19

89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money

185,244 users
And a lot of users

100%
Total success!
 20

first

Our process is
easy

second

last
 21

Yellow Blue Red

Let’s review Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the clear Is the color of blood, and
butter and ripe lemons. sky and the deep sea. It because of this it has
some concepts In the spectrum of is located between violet historically been
visible light, yellow is and green on the optical associated with
found between green spectrum. sacrifice, danger and
and orange. courage.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the clear Is the color of blood, and
butter and ripe lemons. sky and the deep sea. It because of this it has
In the spectrum of is located between violet historically been
visible light, yellow is and green on the optical associated with
found between green spectrum. sacrifice, danger and
and orange. courage.
 23

iPhone project
Show and explain
your web, app or Place your screenshot
here
software projects
using these gadget
templates.
 24

Tablet project
Show and explain
your web, app or Place your screenshot here
software projects
using these gadget
templates.
 25

Desktop project
Show and explain
Place your screenshot here
your web, app or
software projects
using these gadget
templates.
 26

Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at @username & user@mail.me
 27

Special thanks to all the people who

Credits made and released these awesome
resources for free:
○ Presentation template by
SlidesCarnival
○ Photographs by Unsplash
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