Hole’s

Human Anatomy & 14

Physiology

Eighth Edition

Chapter 14

Unit Four
Blood
 I. Introduction
(p. 521) 14
A. Blood is considered a type of connective
tissue.
B. Blood transports substances throughout
the body, and helps to maintain a stable
internal environment.

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 II. Blood and Blood Cells
(p. 521; Fig. 14.1)
14
A. The blood includes red blood cells, white
blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
B. Blood Volume and Composition (p. 521;
Fig. 14.2)
C. The Origin of Blood Cells (p. 522; Fig.
14..3)
D. Characteristics of Red Blood Cells (p. 522;

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Fig. 14.4)
E. Red Blood Cell Counts (p. 524)
 II. Blood and Blood Cells
(p. 521; Fig. 14.1)
14
F. Destruction of Red Blood Cells (p. 524;
Fig. 14.5; Table 14.1)
G. Red Blood Cell Production and Its Control
(p. 526; Fig. 14.6; Table 14.2)
H. Dietary Factors Affecting Red Blood Cell
Production (p. 526; Figs. 14.7, 14.8; Tables
14.3, 14.4)

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I. Types of White Blood Cells (p. 527; Figs.
14.9-14.13)
 II. Blood and Blood Cells
(p. 521; Fig. 14.1)
14
J. White Blood Cells Fight Infection (p. 531;
Figs. 14.14, 14.15)
K. White Blood Cell Counts (p. 532;Table
14.5)
L. Blood Platelets (p. 532; Table 14.6)

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 III. Blood Plasma
(p. 532; Fig. 14.16)
14
A. Plasma is the clear, straw-colored fluid
portion of the blood.
B. Plasma Proteins (p. 532; Table 14.7)
C. Gases and Nutrients (p. 535; Table 14.8)
D. Nonproteins Nitrogenous Substances
(p. 536)
E. Plasma Electrolytes (p.537)

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 IV. Hemostasis
(p. 537)
14
A. Hemostasis refers to the stoppage of
bleeding.
B. Blood Vessel Spasm (p. 537)
C. Platelet Plug Formation (p. 537; Fig. 14.17)
D. Blood Coagulation (p. 537; Table 14.9,
Figs. 14.18-14.20)
E. Prevention of Coagulation (p. 542; Table

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14.12)
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 V. Blood Groups and
Transfusions (p. 542)
14
A. Around 1900, Karl Landsteiner determined
that blood was of different types and only
certain combinations were compatible.
B. Today, 20 different genes are known to
contribute to the unique proteins found on
the surfaces of red blood cells in the
various blood types.

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C. Antigens and Antibodies (p. 542)
D. ABO Blood Group (p. 544; Figs. 14.21,
14.22; Tables 14.13, 14.14)
E. Rh Blood Group (p. 546; Fig. 14.23)
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The End.

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