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Introduction To: The Principles of Wrapping & Taping
Introduction To: The Principles of Wrapping & Taping
• PRINCIPLES OF
WRAPPING
- Protection from a Painful
Range of Motion.
- Support for a Mild to
Moderate injury so the
athlete can return to play.
- If athlete is unable to play
– Part of the I.C.E.R.
Principle (Compression
and slight support).
WRAPPING PRINCIPLES
MATERIALS USED
• Which materials are used depends on whether
the condition is Muscular (contractile) or Inert
(ligament).
• Musculotendinous injuries require tensors (2”,
4”, or 6”) for support.
• Tensors can be used for a variety of injuries
including Quadriceps and Hamstring Strains
as well as “Groin” Injuries.
• Cloth Wraps are used for wrist and ankle
injuries.
WRAPPING PRINCIPLES
(APPLICATION)
• The following steps should always be
used when applying a support technique
using a tensor.
1. Assess the injury
– Type of Injury (Contractile? Inert?
Contusion?)
– Assess as any Muscle/Tendon Injury
– Degree of Injury – If mild – Consider Wrap
& Return to play
– If Moderate/Severe – Wrap as part of ICER
TAPING PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION
- Prevention (Prophylactic)
- Protection (Rehabilitative)
- Support (Functional)
POST TAPING
• CHECK FOR WRINKLES, WINDOWS
• CHECK FOR PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
• TEST FOR FUNCTION X 2.
“ IS TAPING PRACTICAL FOR THIS
INJURY AND SITUATION, OR AM
I SETTING THEM UP FOR
FURTHER INJURY OR RE-
INJURY?”
TAPING PRINCIPLES
TAPE SELECTION
• Choosing the right tape depends on the type of
injury as well as the size of the area being
taped.
• Tape comes in a assortment of types and sizes.
• There are many different elastic tapes on the
market which can be used for
musculotendonous injuries, as well as zinc
oxide tape which can be used for joint injuries
due to its non yielding properties.
TAPING PRINCIPLES
• ELASTIC TAPES (Elastoplast) are used to encircle
muscle bulk and act as an anchor.
• You should always make the necessary allowances for
contraction and expansion prior to using this tape.
TAPING PRINCIPLES
TAPE SELECTION
• Zinc oxide tape should be used for ligamentous (inert)
types of injuries which do not require ‘give.’
• Tearing the tape requires a surprisingly small amount of
force. Simply tear the tape with your fingers by pinching
the edge and ripping.
TAPING PRINCIPLES
STEPS IN TAPING
• Once the pre-evaluation has been completed
and the tape has been selected, the following
steps should be followed.
• SKIN PREPARATION
- Wash, shave and dry the area to be taped
- Check for cuts, blisters or skin irritations and
protect these areas prior to taping.
• PROTECT FRICTION AREAS WITH
LUBRICANT AND GAUZE.
TAPING PRINCIPLES
• SPRAY
– Use ‘Skin Prep’ or ‘Skin Toughener’
to help adhere the tape and protect the
skin. Be careful as some commercial
preparations can cause skin irritation.
Non-allergic options are available.
• UNDERWRAP
– Apply Pro-wrap, underwrap or J-wrap
(if not shaved) to protect the skin,
especially if the athlete is being taped
for a prolonged period of time.
TAPING PRINCIPLES
• TAPE REMOVAL –’SHARKS’ OR SCISSORS
TAPING PRINCIPLES
• RULES FOR TAPE APPLICATION
Brace
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• TURF TOE
• The final strips are full strips from the lateral anchor to the
medial anchor.
TAPING TECHNIQUES
CLOSED GIBNEY TECHNIQUE
• RATIONALE: The Closed Gibney tape job is used
primarily for three reasons;
PROPHYLACTIC
REHABILITATIVE
SUPPORTIVE (FUNCTIONAL)
• It is primarily Supportive rather than Compressive.
• This technique can be used for both inversion and
eversion sprains and is composed of two parts;
Part 1 - Basketweave
Part 2 - Heel Locks and Figure Eights
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• TAPE USED: Full Strips
• PART 1: The basket weave is formed by alternating
horseshoes
and stirrups closing the ankle in preparation
for the
second and most important part of the
technique.
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• PART 2: The Heel Locks & Figure Eights
• RATIONALE: This is the most important part of any ankle
tape job. It is said that 80% of the effectiveness of ankle
taping is from this part of the technique because it locks the
subtalar joint (between the talus and the calcaneus). It is at
this joint where inversion and eversion take place.
LOUISIANNA ILLINOIS
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• “SHIN SPLINTS” - Shin splints are a “Wastebasket”
term denoting pain in the lower third of the leg.
• The condition known as shin splints may include a
variety of conditions including; tendonitis, periostitis,
stress fracture of the tibia (or fibula), or compartment
syndrome.
• Shin splints involves pain in the Anterior-Lateral part of
the leg or the Posterior-Medial part of the lower leg.
POSTERIOR ANTERIOR
MEDIAL LATERAL
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• POSTERIOR-MEDIAL Shin splints usually involves the
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR MUCLE which is found in the
deep posterior compartment.
• This type of Shin splint is usually associated with a
Pronated foot
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• ANTERIOR-LATERAL Shin splints usually involves the
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR MUSCLE which is found in the
anterior compartment.
• This type of Shin splint is usually associated with a high
arched or Supinated foot.
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• RATIONALE: TIBIALIS POSTERIOR – The rationale for this
taping technique involves both a direct and an indirect
component. The direct component is for compression and to
approximate the tendon back onto the bone. The indirect
component is to give arch support to the pronated/arch foot
and indirectly take the stress off of the affected tendon.
• TAPE USED: Full strips of tape (Part 1), & one quarter strips.
• TAPING POINTS: The strips around the lower part of the leg
go from the lateral to the medial aspect of the leg (ie. Back
toward the midline of the leg.
• The second part of the tape job is the same arch support
technique as plantar fasciitis.
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDINITIS (Direct)
• Indirect
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• RATIONALE: TIBIALIS ANTERIOR – The rationale for
this taping technique also involves a direct and indirect
component. The direct component is for compression
and to approximate the tendon back onto the bone, the
indirect component is to support the extensor
retinaculum and thereby take the pressure off of the
tibialis anterior muscle.
• TAPE USED: Full strips
• TAPING POINTS: The strips around the lower leg go in
the opposite direction of the tibialis posterior technique
(from medial to lateral), and the second strip(s) are
placed around the retinaculum (tear drop design).
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• PATELLAR TENDONITIS – Is commonly referred to as
jumper’s or kicker’s knee is a common condition which
places extreme tension of the knee extensor muscle
complex, resulting in the repetitive injury of tendonitis.
Buddy Technique
TAPING TECHNIQUES
• Thumb/Finger Spica
TAPING TECHNIQUES
WRIST TAPING (PREVENTION OF HYPEREXT/FLEX)