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DIGITAL SIGNATURE

Prepared by : Ankit Viramgama

Roll No. : 08IT012
 OBJECTIVES
-INTRO.

-WHY?

-STEPS.

-CONCEPTS.

-PROCEDURE.

-EXAMPLE.

-APPLICATIONS

-DRAWBACK
 INTRODUCTION

A digital signature is nothing but an attachment

to any piece of electronic information, which
represents the content of the document and the
identity of the originator of that document
uniquely.
 WHY DIGITAL SIGNATURES?
- To provide Authenticity, Integrity and Non-
repudiation to electronic documents

- To use the Internet as the safe and secure

medium for e-Commerce and e-Governance
 STEPS
1 : Generation of key

2 : Signing the document

3 : Send to destination

4 : Verification of document
 CONCEPTS
Public and Private key
• A 1024 bits number is a very big number much bigger than the total
number of electrons in whole world.
• Trillions of Trillions of pairs of numbers exist in this range with each
pair having following property
– A message encrypted with one element of the pair can be
decrypted ONLY by the other element of the same pair
• Two numbers of a pair are called keys, the Public Key & the Private
Key. User himself generates his own key pair on his computer
 CONCEPTS
Hash Value

- Any message irrespective of its length can be compressed or

abridged uniquely into a smaller length message called the
Digest or the Hash.

- Smallest change in the message will change the Hash value

 CRYPTOGRAPHY

The technique used in Digital Signature is CRYPTOGRAPHY .

Cryptography (or cryptology; from Greek kryptos + gráph,

"hidden, secret”+ "writing" ) is the practice and study of hiding
information.
 Types of cryptography
There are two types of cryptography

1 : Public key cryptography

2 : Private key cryptography

 PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
ENCRYPTION
 Message 1
Central to the growth of e-commerce
and e-governance is the issue of
trust in electronic environment.
 Encrypted Message 1
9a46894335be49f0b9cab28d755
aaa9cd98571b275bbb0adb405e6
931e856ca3e5e569edd1352854
82
DECRYPTION
 Encrypted Message 1
9a46894335be49f0b9cab28d7
55aaa9cd98571b275bbb0adb4
05e6931e856ca3e5e569edd13
5285482
 Message 1
Central to the growth of e-
commerce and e-governance is
the issue of trust in electronic
environment.
 PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
ENCRYPTION DECRYPTION
 Message 1  Encrypted Message 1

Central to the growth of e-commerce

and e-governance is the issue of 9a46894335be49f0b9cab28d7
Use Private key
trust in electronic environment.
Use public key
55aaa9cd98571b275bbb0adb4
05e6931e856ca3e5e569edd13
5285482
 Encrypted Message 1
 Message 1
9a46894335be49f0b9cab28d755
aaa9cd98571b275bbb0adb405e6 Central to the growth of e-
931e856ca3e5e569edd1352854 commerce and e-governance is
82 the issue of trust in electronic
environment.
 PRIVATE KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
ENCRYPTION
 Message 2
 The Internet knows no geographical
boundaries. It has redefined time and
space. Advances in computer and
telecommunication technologies have
led to the explosive growth of the
Internet.
 Encrypted Message 2
 a520eecb61a770f947ca856cd67546
3f1c95a9a2b8d4e6a71f80830c87f5
715f5f59334978dd7e97da0707b48
a1138d77ced56feba2b467c398683c
7dbeb86b854f120606a7ae1ed934f5
703672adab0d7be66dccde1a763
DECRYPTION
 Encrypted Message 2
 a520eecb61a770f947ca856cd67546
3f1c95a9a2b8d4e6a71f80830c87f57
15f5f59334978dd7e97da0707b48a1
138d77ced56feba2b467c398683c7d
beb86b854f120606a7ae1ed934f570
3672adab0d7be66dccde1a763
 Message 2
 The Internet knows no geographical
boundaries. It has redefined time and
space. Advances in computer and
telecommunication technologies have led
to the explosive growth of the Internet.
 PRIVATE KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
ENCRYPTION
 Message 2
 The Internet knows no geographical
boundaries. It has redefined time and
Use key space.
that is Advances in computer and
telecommunication technologies have
unique Use
led to the explosive growth of the
Internet.
 Encrypted Message 2
 a520eecb61a770f947ca856cd67546
3f1c95a9a2b8d4e6a71f80830c87f5
715f5f59334978dd7e97da0707b48
a1138d77ced56feba2b467c398683c
7dbeb86b854f120606a7ae1ed934f5
703672adab0d7be66dccde1a763
DECRYPTION
 Encrypted Message 2
 a520eecb61a770f947ca856cd67546
3f1c95a9a2b8d4e6a71f80830c87f57
15f5f59334978dd7e97da0707b48a1
same138d77ced56feba2b467c398683c7d
key
beb86b854f120606a7ae1ed934f570
3672adab0d7be66dccde1a763
 Message 2
 The Internet knows no geographical
boundaries. It has redefined time and
space. Advances in computer and
telecommunication technologies have led
to the explosive growth of the Internet.
 WHAT IS DIGITAL SIGNATURE?
Hash value of a message when encrypted with the private key of
a person is his digital signature on that e-Document

– Digital Signature of a person therefore varies from document

to document thus ensuring authenticity of each word of that
document.

– As the public key of the signer is known, anybody can verify

the message and the digital signature
PROCEDURE
EXAMPLE
 APPLICATIONS
1.Electronic Mail.

2. Data storage.

3. Electronic funds transfer.

4. Software Distribution.

5. Telecommunication
 DRAWBACKS
1.The private key must be kept in a secured manner.
2.The process of generation and verification of digital signature
requires considerable amount of time.
3.When the digital signature is not verified : receiver does not
know whether the message was corrupted or the false private key
was used.
4. Has to obtain private and public key, the receiver has to
obtain the digital signature certificate
5. Storage of all the previous keys is another overhead.
6. Does not ensure secrecy of the data.