What is Glass?

Glass is called amorphous because it is neither a solid nor a liquid

• “An inorganic product of fusion which has cooled to a rigid condition without
crystallizing”
• Glass is rigid like a crystal but the molecules that make up glass are arranged
randomly like liquids.
• Softens and converted in liquid over a temperature range
• In general glass is formed by melting crystalline substances and then cooling the
liquid before the molecules can form a crystal.
• The Composition of Glass the raw materials for making glass are all oxides.
Properties of glass
• Mechanically Strong – Glass has great natural strength and is weakened only by
surface imperfections
• Hard surface – Glass resists scratches and abrasions
• Elastic – when it is heated it is
• Chemical corrosion-resistant – Glass is affected by few chemicals. It resists most
industrial and food acids.
• Thermal shock-resistant – Glass withstands intense heat or cold as well as
sudden temperature changes.
• Heat-absorbent – Glass retains heat, rather than conducts it. Glass absorbs heat
better than metal.
• Optical Properties – Glass reflects, bends, transmits and absorbs light with great
accuracy.
APPLICATION OF GLASS
IN VARIOUS AREA
GLASS IS USED IN THE FOLLOWING NON-EXHAUSTIVE LIST OF PRODUCTS:
• Packaging (jars for food, bottles for drinks, flacon for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals)
• Tableware (drinking glasses, plate, cups, bowls)
• Housing and buildings (windows, facades, conservatory, insulation, reinforcement
structures)
• Interior design and furniture (mirrors, partitions, balustrades, tables, shelves, lighting)
• Appliances and Electronics (oven doors, cook top, TV, computer screens, smart-
phones)
• Automotive and transport (windscreens, backlights, light weight but reinforced
structural components of cars, aircrafts, ships, etc.)
• Medical technology, biotechnology, life science engineering, optical glass
• Radiation protection from X-Rays (radiology) and gamma-rays (nuclear)
• Fibre optic cables (phones, TV, computer: to carry information)
• Renewable energy (solar-energy glass, wind turbines)
 PACKAGING

Glass Jars For Food Bottles For Drinks

Soda-lime Silica Glasses

• Transparency
• Not react with acid or chemical
• can be recycled over and over again
• smooth and nonporous surface
• not deteriorate, corrode, stain or
fade

Flacon For Cosmetics Pharmaceuticals

 TABLEWARE

• Borosilicate glass is also used in the home for

cooking plates and other heat-resistant
products.
• It is used for domestic kitchens, this is because
it has greater resistance to thermal shock
• Not react with acid
• Easy to wash
• gives greater resistance to thermal changes and
chemical corrosion.
 HOUSING AND BUILDINGS

Facades Conservatory
• Laminated glass that is made up
of annealed glass
• light transmission appropriate to be
use in flat glass in windows
• Save energy
• Have U value The lower the U-value
the better the insulation properties
of the glass– the better it is at
keeping the heat or cold out
Insulator • Strength
 INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNITURES
• Light Transmission
• Easy to mould when it
is heat
• Bad conductor of
electricity
• Easy to clean surface

partitions balustrades tables

shelves lighting
 AUTOMOTIVE AND TRANSPORT
• easy to provide with a
surface finish finer than a
wavelength of visible light
• reasonably scratch resistant
• lower density than most
metals
• corrosion resistant
windscreens mirror backlights • Light Transmission
• Light reflector
• Glass does not tarnish and
physically prevents damage
to the reflective coating
• Have smooth surface
• Glass is merely used as a
substrate to hold and protect
a thin metallic layer.

aircrafts Glass fiber used in aricraft ships

 APPLIANCES AND ELECTRONICS

oven doors smart-phones computer screens TV

• poor conductor of electricity
• Due to its high insulating properties,
glasses are used in the area of electrical
and electronics engineering for the
production of seals, high-voltage
Fibre optic cables insulators, microelectronic packaging,
to carry information high-vacuum tubes, lamps,

cook top
 Radiation Protection
Glass with high lead oxide contents (i.e. 65%) may be
used as radiation shielding glass because lead absorb
gamma rays and other forms of harmful radiation, for
example, for nuclear industry

Used in XRay
Lead Glass for Radiation Shielding. ... It is used for
radiation shielding in medical treatment, imaging,
testing, inspection, experimentation or energy
production.
 DEFENCE AND ARMY

Bullet Resistant Fiberglass

Glass fiber used in aricraft