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Stroke: Problem Dan Penatalaksanaanya
Stroke: Problem Dan Penatalaksanaanya
Problem dan
Penatalaksanaanya
Syahrul
Cerebrovascular Division
Department of Neurology
Syiah Kuala University
Circulation of the Brain
Background
Terutama menyerang usia > 40 tahun
Kelainan pada pembuluh darah otak
Penyumbatan lumen p. darah
Pecahnya dinding p. darah
Perubahan permeabelitas dinding
p.darah
Perubahan viskositas atau kualitas
darah
Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in the
The World population will be older elderly – 30 years follow-up Framingham Study
More developed countries 65-94 years
35-64 years
Men Women
Age Age Events/ Events/
1999 2050
1000 patients 1000 patients
100+ Males Females 100+ Males Females 90 90
80 80 80 80
70 70
60 60
60 60
40 40 50 50
20 20 40 40
30 30
0 0 20 20
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 10
Percentage of population Percentage of population 0 0
74- 120- 140- 160- 180- 74- 120- 140- 160- 180-
119 139 159 179 300 SBP 119 139 159 179 300 SBP
Vokonas et al 1988
United Nations 1999
Pathophysiology Ischemic Stroke
CBF
35 – 40 cc Kehilangan fungsi
CBF
20 – 35 cc Aktifitas listrik
otak terhenti
Hypertension
Cardiac disease
Atrial fibrillation
Infective endocarditis
Mitral stenosis
Recent large myocardial infarction
Cigarette smoking
Sickle cell disease
Platelet
thrombus
Platelets
adhering to
Platelets subendothelial
space
Endothelial cells
Subendothelial space
Adapted from: Ferguson JJ. The Physiology of Normal Platelet Function. In: Ferguson JJ,
Chronos N, Harrington RA (Eds). Antiplatelet Therapy in Clinical Practice. London: Martin
Dunitz; 2000: pp.15–35.
Plaque Disruption Leading to
Atherothrombosis Formation
Aggregated platelets
BLOOD
FLOW Fibrin
(apoptosis :programmed
cell death) Caspase
(caspase apoptosis: programmed
cell death)
(necrosis)
Phospholi
pids
(ROS)
STROKE
(migration)
(adhesion)
Hipertensi kronikp.darah
hipohialinosis, nekrosis
fibrinoid, aneurima
Bouchard
Kenaikan TD mendadak
atau kenaikan sangat
meningkat menginduksi
pecahnya p. darah
PROBLEM
BambangHartono
Problem
Sebelum Setelah
terjadi stroke terjadi stroke
FRACTURE
OSTEOPOROSIS HYPERTENSION
STROKE
SYSTEMIC DISEASE
GENETIC
•EKG
• Fs Koordinasi
• Fs Kortikal Luhur
BPK RSUZA