Clauses of purpose, result and

concession
 Clauses of purpose
We use certain clauses to show why somebody does
something. These are called clauses of purpose. They
are introduced with the following words or
expressions:

Formulas
Use.- the subject of the verb and the
infinitive is always the same.

- to + base form
- so as (not) to + base form
- in order (not) to + base form
 Formula
Use.- to express the purpose or function of
item.

- for + ing form

Formulas
Use.- purpose with present or
future time reference.

- so that + subj. + can/may/will

- so that + subj. + could/might/would
Formulas
Use.- purpose with present or future time
reference.

- in case + present tense.

Use.- purpose with past time reference.

- in case + past tense.

 Clauses of result
We use Clauses of Result to
express the result of an action
or a conclusion.

1. so + adjec./adverb + that
2. so + much/many/little/few + noun + that

3. such + a/an + (adjec.) + singular countable noun +

that

4. such + (adjec.) + uncountable/plural countable noun +

that
5. such + a lot of + noun + that

6. too + adj. or adv. (+ for somebody) + full

infinitive.

7. (not) adjective or adv. + enough (+for

somebody) + full infitive.
 Clauses of concession
We use Clauses of concession to express contrast or opposition to the
main clause.

1. although/ even thought/though + subject + verb.

2. in spite of + noun/ -ing form / what…
3. despite + noun / -ing form / what…
4. in spite of + the fact + that + clause.
5. despite + the fact + that + clause
 Examples
1. I will take an umbrella in case it rains
2. I just called to invite you to a party
3. Please close the door so that the cat can’t come in.
4. He went dancing despite the fact that he had a terrible headache
5. Though he was starving, he didn’t take any of the food they
offered him.
6. I’ve heard this song so many times that I know it by heart now.
7. This dress isn’t big enough for me to wear.
8. That Maths problem was so difficult that I couldn’t solve it
9. We are saving money in order to buy a computer.
10. In spite of the heavy rain, it was very hot.
11. He walked in quietly so as not to wake up his parents.