Lipid Metabolism I

Dr. Kevin Ahern

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2 2 2
3 3 3

Fat and Glycerophospholipid Synthesis

 Fat (Triacylglycerol)

Glycerol-3-P Phosphatidic
Acid

Glycerophospholipids
 Signaling

Catalysis

Fat Breakdown
Glycerophospholipids / Phosphatides

Lipid Glycero Phospho

X

X
• Glycerophospholipic Synthesis Involves CDP-
Activated Intermediate
• Two General Mechanisms

Will Split Off as CMP

Phosphatidyl Portion
of Final Product

Phosphatidic Acid + CTP + PPi

CDP-Diacylglycerol
 +
CM
P

CDP-Diacylglycerol + Inositol Phosphatidylinositol + CMP

CDP

+ CMP
• Second Mechanism - Activate Add-on Molecule

Adds to Splits Off

Diacylglycerol

AT AT
P P CTP PPi

Ethanolamine Phosphorylethanolamine CDP-Ethanolamine

CDP-Ethanolamine + Diacylglycerol Phosphatidylethanolamine + CMP
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1 2
2
3
3

3
 Sphingolipid Biosynthesis

Amino Acid

Fatty Acid

Branch Point
Sphingolipids
Sphingolipid Synthesis

Ceramide Synthesis
 Membrane Lipid Metabolism
• Sphingolipids

R= Phosphocholine
Sphingomyelin
OR
R= Phosphoethanolamine

R= Single Sugar Cerebroside

R= Complex Sugar Ganglioside

Sphingolipid Breakdown Diseases
 Cholesterol Biosynthesis

Cholesterol
Acetyl Group
Cholesterol Biosynthesis

Branch Point
 30 Carbons

Lanosterol
30 Carbons

15 Carbons Squalene
IPP
2 + DPP

10 Carbons Farnesyl-PP

Geranyl-PP
IPP

DMAPP Acetyl-CoA
IPP
5 Carbons Each
 19 Steps

Lanosterol Cholesterol
 Cholesterol Metabolism

Excretion Cholesterol Bile Acids

Mineralocorticoids
&
Corticosteroids
Cholesterol Metabolism
 Lipid Movement From the Diet

Outside Intestine
Inside Intestine
Reattachment of
2 Fatty Acids
Removal of
2 Fatty Acids
Apolipoprotein Complexes
Chylomicron
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
Foam Cell Aggregate
Carotid Artery Plaque