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3 - Arco Electrico
3 - Arco Electrico
3 - Arco Electrico
Keywords
Welding Flux, Inert Shielding Gas, Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Metal Transfer Mode,
Flux Cored Arc Welding FCAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW),
Linnert, Welding Metallurgy,
AWS, 1994
Arc Welding Processes
Welding processes that employ an electric arc are
the most prevalent in industry
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Gas Metal Arc Welding
Flux Cored Arc Welding
Submerged Arc Welding Electric Arc
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
These processes are associated with molten metal
Linnert, Welding Metallurgy,
AWS, 1994
Protection of the Molten Weld Pool
Three forms
Granular
Electrode wire coating
Electrode core
Fluxes melt to form a protective slag over the weld pool
Other purposes
Contain scavenger elements to purify weld metal
Contain metal powder added to increase deposition rate
Add alloy elements to weld metal
Decompose to form a shielding gas
Shielding Gas
E7018
E indicates electrode
70 indicates 70,000 psi tensile strength
1 indicates use for welding in all positions
8 indicates low hydrogen
E7018-A1-H8R
•ANSI/AWS - 5.1 : Specification for Covered Carbon Steel
•ANSI/AWS - 5.5 : Specification for Low Alloy Steel
•ANSI/AWS - 5.4 : Specification for Corrosion Resistant Steel
AWS Website:
http://www.aws.org
Coating Materials -Partial List
SMAW Advantages
Easily implemented
Inexpensive
Flexible
Not as sensitive to part
fit-up variances
Advantages
Quality Issues
Discontinuities associated
with manual welding
process that utilize flux
for pool shielding
Slag inclusions
Lack of fusion
Other possible effects on
quality are porosity, and
hydrogen cracking
Shileded Metal Arc Welding
Limitations
Heat of welding too high for lead, tin, zinc, and their
alloys
Inadequate weld pool shielding for reactive metals such
as titanium, zirconium, tantalum, columbium
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
• Wood (cellulose) and limestone are added to the coating on
SMAW Electrodes for gas shielding. What gases might be
formed?
• How do these gases shield?
Gas Metal Arc Welding
ER - 70S - 6
Composition
Electrode 6 = high silicon
Solid Electrode
Rod (can be used
with GMAW) Minimum ultimate tensile
strength of the weld metal
AWS Specifications for GMAW Wire
Shielding Gas
GMAW Advantages
Quality
Spatter
Droplets of electrode
material that land outside
the weld fusion area and
may or may not fuse to the
base material
Porosity
Small volumes of
entrapped gas in solidifying
weld metal
Gas Metal Arc Welding
Limitations
Equipment is more
expensive and complex
than SMAW
Process variants/metal
transfer mechanisms
make the process more
complex and the process
window more difficult to
control
Restricted access
GMAW gun is larger than
SMAW holder
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
• When comparing processes that have spray and globular
metal transfer, which type of transfer mode do you thnk
results in more spatter? Why?
Flux-Cored Arc Welding
E70 T - 1
Electrode
Type Gas, Usability
Minimum UTS and Performance
70,000 psi
Flux Cored /Tubular
Position Electrode
Advantages
Limitations
F7A2-EM12K
F indicates flux
70-95 ksi UTS, 58 ksi minimum yield strength, 22% elongation
A - as welded; P - postweld heat treated
2 - minimum impact properties of 20 ft-lbs @ 20°F
E indicates electrode (EC - composite electrode)
M - medium manganese per AWS Specifications
12 - 0.12% nominal carbon content in electrode
K - produced from a heat of aluminum killed steel
Submerged Arc Welding
Advantages
High deposition rates
No arc flash or glare
Minimal smoke and fumes
Flux and wire added
separately - extra dimension of
control
Easily automated
Joints can be prepared with
narrow grooves
Can be used to weld carbon
steels, low alloy steels,
stainless steels, chromium-
molybdenum steels, nickel
base alloys
Submerged Arc Welding
Limitations
Flux obstructs view of
joint during welding
Flux is subject to
contamination porosity
Normally not suitable for
thin material
Restricted to the flat
position for grooves - flat
and horizontal for fillets
Slag removal required
Flux handling equipment
Do Homework Assignment 2, “Arc Welding
Processes” from the Assignment Page of the WE300
Website. Turn in next Class Period.