CARBON FOOTPRINT ESTIMATION

1
 OVERVIEW

1. INTRODUCTION
2. NEED FOR THE STUDY
3. CARBON FOOTPRINT
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
5. OBJECTIVES
6. METHODOLOGY
7. WORK DONE
8. WORK TO BE DONE
9. REFERENCES
2
 INTRODUCTION
 Environment protection and climate change are most
priority of many countries, companies and individuals

 The Earth's climate has changed continuously

 The burning of fossil fuels in combination with

deforestation has caused large concentrations of
greenhouse gases

 GHG traps heat and significantly increases the

temperature of the earth's atmosphere

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 The most important greenhouse gas arising from human
activity is carbon dioxide CO2

 Virtually all human activities cause CO2 emissions that

lead to climate change

 Using electricity generated from fossil fuel power stations,

burning gas for heating, driving a petrol or diesel car,
manufacturing of products are responsible for CO2
emissions

 These products and services may also cause emissions of

other greenhouse gases

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 NEED FOR THE STUDY
 If green house emission is not controlled, the emission will
double in the next 20 years

 It will adversely affect the environment causing green house

effect, global warming, climate change etc

 Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas arising

from human activity

 So appropriate measures should be taken to quantify CO2

emission

 CO2 emission of industries need to be addressed

 Suggest and implement the remedial measures for the

abatement of CO2 emission from the industries
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 CARBON FOOTPRINT

 Carbon footprint is the sum of all emissions of

CO2 and other greenhouse gases emitted over
the full life cycle of that product or service

 Carbon footprint calculations are based on direct

and indirect emission principles

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sl. Title Author and year Conclusion
No
1 Carbon Karthik Kumar & Huge amount of CO2 is emitted
footprints a Shreya from the various mining
case study of uttarwar(2013) processes. Plantation is adopted
Durgamanwadi to reduce the emission
Bauxite mines
(hindalco
industries),
Radhanagari,
Kolhapur”
2 Measuring A guide by HEFCE- This guidance provides
scope 3 carbon Higher Education information about scope 3
emission – Funding Council For carbon emissions generated by
water and England (2012) water and wastewater.
wastewater

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LITERATURE REVIEW……..Contd

Sl. Title Author and year conclusion

No
3 “CO2 International Energy In this paper, IEA has
emission from Agency (2012) published an indicator for
electricity CO2 emissions per kWh for
highlights” the electricity and heat
generating industries

4 “What is Hu Yuan, Peng Zhou, This journal explains the

Low-Carbon Dequn Zhou. (2011) basic concepts of carbon foot
Development? print. This paper provides a
A Conceptual theoretical and conceptual
Analysis”. analysis of various low-
carbon related concepts

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LITERATURE REVIEW……..Contd

Sl. Title Author and year Conclusion

No
5 Guidelines for Cefic (2011) This paper is intended for
Measuring and information and set out
Managing CO2 guidelines for measuring and
Emission from managing transport CO2
Freight Transport emissions
Operations

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 GAP AREA

 HLL is one of the major health care

industries in India. CO2 emission of all
industries need to be addressed. So far no
carbon footprint estimation of HLL is
done.
 It is attempted estimate carbon footprint
using EPA tool.

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 OBJECTIVES
 To develop a framework for the calculation of carbon
footprint in HLL

 To calculate CO2 emission from different emission sources

of HLL

 To identify the maximum source of CO2 emission from

HLL

 To find out the carbon sequestration by the plants

 To study and develop a framework of strategies which can

be implemented so as to attain low carbon emission
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 METHODOLOGY

 Carried out in different stages

 Stage 1- Study area

◦ Hindusthan Life Care Limited, HLL

 Peroorkada, Trivandrum

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METHODOLOGY………Contd
 Stage 2- Data collection
 Scope 1- Direct Emission
• The use of vehicles owned by the business
• The usage of LPG
• Stationary combustion (Boilers)
• Fire suppression equipment

 Scope 2 - Indirect emission

 Indirect emissions from electricity
 Emission from ETP

 Scope 3 - Other indirect emissions

 Water consumption
 Wastewater generation 13
METHODOLOGY………Contd

 Stage 3- Calculation of carbon footprint

 CO2 emission from vehicle fuel consumption

 CO2 emission from boiler
 CO2 emission from fire suppression equipment
 CO2 emissions due to LPG consumption
 CO2 emission from electricity consumption
 CO2 emission from water supply
 CO2 emission from wastewater generation

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METHODOLOGY………Contd

 Stage 4- Reporting of results and finding out

maximum emission sources

 Stage 5- Estimation of carbon sequestration by

plants

 Stage 6- Strategies for the management of

emission

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CARBON FOOTPRINT
CALCULATION Methodology
……. contd

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 EMISSION FACTORS Methodology
…….contd
Source: EPA tool
ITEM Kg CO2

Petrol 2.32 per litre

Diesel 2.69 per litre
Natural Gas 1.913 per m3

Fire suppression 0.022 per kg

Water 0.34 per kilo litre

consumption
Electricity 0.944 per KWh

LPG 2.99 per kg

Wastewater 0.70 per kilo litre
generation
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 WORK DONE

 CO2 emission from boiler

 CO2 emission from LPG consumption
 CO2 emission from transportation
 CO2 emission Fire suppression equipment
 CO2 emission from electricity consumption
 CO2 emission from water supply
 CO2 emission from wastewater generation
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 CO2 EMISSION FROM BOILER

 CO2 emission from boiler is coming under direct

emission (scope 1)

 Fuel used is natural gas

 Fuel consumption for the 4 months were collected

 The equivalent carbon dioxide emission was calculated

using emission factors

 The emission factor is 1.913 per m3

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 SUMMARY OF CO2 EMISSION FROM
BOILER FOR 4 MONTHS

MONTH FUEL FUEL CARBON CARBON

AND YAER USED CONSUMED DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(2014-15) (m3) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per m3)
October LNG 302228 1.913 578162.16
November LNG 289920 1.913 554616.96

December LNG 293274 1.913 561033.16

January LNG 284250 1.913 543770.25

Total CO2 emission from boiler for 4 months =

2237582.53 kg CO2

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 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CARBON
DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM BOILERS
Boiler kg CO2

580000
570000
560000
550000
540000
530000 Boiler kg CO2
520000

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CO2 EMISSION FROM TRANSPORTATION

 Engineering store
PLACES DISTANCE FUEL EMISSION CARBON
(km) CONSUMED FACTOR DIOXIDE
(litre) (Per litre) EMISSION
Kg CO2
Coimbatore 383 153.2 2.69 412.10
Mumbai 1727 690.8 2.69 1858.25
Delhi 2866 1146.4 2.69 3083.82
Gujarat 2393 957.2 2.69 2574.86
Cochin 206 82.4 2.69 221.65
Thrissur 279 111.6 2.69 300.20

Total CO2 emission per year = 8450.88 kg CO2

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CO2 EMISSION FROM TRANSPORTATION

 Latex purchase store

PLACES DISTANCE FUEL EMISSION CARBON
(km) CONSUMED FACTOR DIOXIDE
(litre) (Per litre) EMISSION
Kg CO2
Nagercoil 70.5 28.20 2.69 75.85
Punalur 68.8 27.52 2.69 74.02
Thrissur 279 111.60 2.69 300.20
Calicut 360.6 144.24 2.69 388.00
Karunagapally 89.4 35.76 2.69 96.19
Coimbatore 383 153.20 2.69 412.10

Total CO2 emission per month = 1346.36 kg CO2

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CO2 EMISSION FROM TRANSPORTATION

 Chemicals purchase store

PLACES DISTANCE FUEL EMISSION CARBON
(km) CONSUMED FACTOR DIOXIDE
(litre) (Per litre) EMISSION
Kg CO2
Chennai 779 311.6 2.69 838.20
Mumbai 1727 690.80 2.69 1858.25
Banglore 736 294.40 2.69 791.93
Gujarat 2393 957.20 2.69 2574.86
Cochin 206 82.40 2.69 221.65

Total CO2 emission per month = 6284.89 kg CO2

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CO2 EMISSION FROM TRANSPORTATION

 Packing material store

PLACES DISTANCE FUEL EMISSION CARBON

(km) CONSUMED FACTOR DIOXIDE
(litre) (Per litre) EMISSION
Kg CO2
Banglore 736 294.40 2.69 791.93

Total CO2 emission per month = 791.93 kg CO2

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 CO2 EMISSIONS DUE TO LPG
CONSUMPTION

 CO2 emission from LPG consumption is coming under

direct emission (scope 1)

 The following details were collected for 4 months

 No of cylinders used per month
 LPG content of 1 cylinder (kg)

 Total LPG consumption per month(kg) multiplied by

conversion factor give CO2 emission corresponding to
LPG consumption

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 SUMMARY OF CO2 EMISSIONS DUE TO LPG
CONSUMPTION FOR 4 MONTHS

MONTH NO OF LPG CARBON CARBON

AND YEAR CYLINDERS CONTENT DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(2014-15) USED PER OF 1 EMISSION EMISSION
MONTH CYLINDER FACTOR Kg CO2
(Kg) (per kg)

October 25 19 2.99 1420.25

November 28 19 2.99 1590.68

December 29 19 2.99 1647.49

January 30 19 2.99 1704.3

Total CO2 emission from LPG consumption for 4 months =

6362.72 kg CO2
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 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CARBON
DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM LPG CONSUMPTION
LPG kg CO2

1800
1700
1600
1500
1400 LPG kg CO2
1300
1200
October
November
December
January

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM FIRE SUPRESSION
EQUIPMENT

TYPE OF GAS CAPACITY NOS EMISSION CARBON

EQUIPMENT TYPE (kg) FACTOR DIOXIDE
(per kg) EMISSION
Kg CO2

Portable CO2 2 56 0.022 2.464

Portable CO2 4.5 70 0.022 6.930

• The emissions are caused by chemicals (e.g., HFCs or

CO2) emitted from fire suppression devices during
use, maintenance, and disposal.

• CO2 emission from fire suppression equipment

= 9.394 kg CO2
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 CO2 EMISSION FROM ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION

 CO2 emission from electricity consumption is coming

under indirect emission (scope 2)

 The electricity bill for 4 months was collected

 The electricity consumption in kWh was determined

 The equivalent carbon dioxide emission was calculated

using emission factors

 The emission factor is 0.944 per kWh

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER
(2014)

SL.NO LOCATION ELECTRICITY CARBON CARBON

CONSUMPTION DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kWh) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kWh)
1 Plant A,B,C 741033 0.944 699535.15

2 Plant D 135234 0.944 127660.89

3 Chiller 76721 0.944 72424.62

`

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER
(2014)

SL.NO LOCATION ELECTRICITY CARBON CARBON

CONSUMPTION DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kWh) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kWh)
1 Plant A,B,C 624313.70 0.944 589352.13

2 Plant D 132478.30 0.944 125059.51

3 Chiller 46716 0.944 44099.90

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER
(2014)

SL.NO LOCATION ELECTRICITY CARBON CARBON

CONSUMPTION DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kWh) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kWh)
1 Plant A,B,C 697082 0.944 658045.40

2 Plant D 142040 0.944 134085.76

3 Chiller 55230 0.944 52137.12

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY
(2015)

SL.NO LOCATION ELECTRICITY CARBON CARBON

CONSUMPTION DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kWh) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kWh)
1 Plant A,B,C 706204 0.944 666656.58

2 Plant D 151025 0.944 142567.60

3 Chiller 60250 0.944 56876.00

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 SUMMARY OF CO2 EMISSION FROM ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION FOR 4 MONTHS

SL. OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY

NO
1 899620.66 758511.54 844268.18 866100.18
kg CO2 kg CO2 kg CO2 kg CO2

Total CO2 emission from electricity consumption for 4 months

=3199839.02 kg CO2

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 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CARBON
DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION
Electricity kg CO2

900000

800000

700000

600000 Electricity kg CO2

October
November
December
January

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM WATER SUPPLY

 CO2 emission from water supply is coming under other

indirect emission (scope 3)

 The water bill for 4 months was collected

 The equivalent carbon dioxide emission was calculated

using emission factors

 The emission factor is 0.34 per kilo litre

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM WATER SUPPLY FOR THE
MONTH OF OCTOBER (2014)

SL. LOCATION WATER CARBON CARBON

NO CONSUMPTION DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kL) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kL)
1 Plant 1 6282 0.34 2135.88

2 Plant 2 5891 0.34 2002.94

3 Plant 3 5157 0.34 1753.38

4 Quality Control 1672 0.34 568.48

5 Boiler 4806 0.34 1634.04
6 Cooling towers 3115 0.34 1059.10
7 Packing 1450 0.34 493.00
8 Canteen 1690 0.34 574.60
9 Toilets and 1732 0.34 588.88
Admn.block
38
 CO2 EMISSION FROM WATER SUPPLY FOR THE
MONTH OF NOVEMBER (2014)
SL. LOCATION WATER CARBON CARBON
NO CONSUMPTION DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kL) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kL)

1 Plant 1 5632 0.34 1914.88

2 Plant 2 5125 0.34 1742.50
3 Plant 3 4835 0.34 1643.90
4 Quality Control 1339 0.34 455.26
5 Boiler 4532 0.34 1540.88
6 Cooling towers 2925 0.34 994.50
7 Packing 1350 0.34 459.00
8 Canteen 1580 0.34 537.20
9 Toilets and 1632 0.34 554.88
Admn.block
39
 CO2 EMISSION FROM WATER SUPPLY FOR THE
MONTH OF DECEMBER (2014)
SL. LOCATION WATER CARBON CARBON
NO CONSUMPTION DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kL) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kL)

1 Plant 1 5845 0.34 1987.30

2 Plant 2 5527 0.34 1879.18
3 Plant 3 5048 0.34 1716.32
4 Quality Control 1474 0.34 501.16
5 Boiler 4660 0.34 1584.40
6 Cooling towers 3264 0.34 1109.76
7 Packing 1255 0.34 426.70
8 Canteen 1430 0.34 486.20
9 Toilets and 1522 0.34 517.48
Admn.block
40
 CO2 EMISSION FROM WATER SUPPLY FOR THE
MONTH OF JANUARY (2015)
SL. LOCATION WATER CARBON CARBON
NO CONSUMPTION DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kL) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kL)

1 Plant 1 6015 0.34 2045.10

2 Plant 2 5428 0.34 1845.52
3 Plant 3 5230 0.34 1778.20
4 Quality Control 1285 0.34 436.90
5 Boiler 4240 0.34 1441.60
6 Cooling towers 3026 0.34 1028.84
7 Packing 1424 0.34 484.16
8 Canteen 1684 0.34 572.56
9 Toilets and 1425 0.34 484.50
Admn.block
41
 SUMMARY OF CO2 EMISSION FROM WATER
SUPPLY FOR 4 MONTHS

SL. OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY

NO
1 10809.70 9843.00 10208.50 10117.38
kg CO2 kg CO2 kg CO2 kg CO2

Total CO2 emission from water supply for 4 months

=40978.58 kg CO2

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM WASTEWATER
GENERATION
 CO2 emission from wastewater generation is coming
under other indirect emission (scope 3)

 It is assumed that around 75% of water used is generated

as wastewater

 The equivalent carbon dioxide emission was calculated

using emission factors

 The emission factor is 0.70 per kilo litre

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 CO2 EMISSION FROM WASTEWATER GENERATION
FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER (2014)

SL. LOCATION WASTEWATER CARBON CARBON

NO GENERATED DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kL) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kL)

1 Plant 1 4711.50 0.70 3298.05

2 Plant 2 4418.25 0.70 3092.78
3 Plant 3 3867.75 0.70 2707.43
4 Quality Control 1254.00 0.70 877.80
5 Boiler 3604.50 0.70 2523.15
6 Cooling towers 2336.25 0.70 1635.38
7 Packing 1087.50 0.70 761.25
8 Canteen 1267.50 0.70 887.25
9 Toilets and 1299.00 0.70 909.30
Admn.block
44
 CO2 EMISSION FROM WASTEWATER GENERATION
FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER (2014)
SL. LOCATION WASTEWATER CARBON CARBON
NO GENERATED DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kL) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kL)

1 Plant 1 4224.00 0.70 2956.80

2 Plant 2 3843.75 0.70 2690.63
3 Plant 3 3626.25 0.70 2538.38
4 Quality Control 1004.25 0.70 702.98
5 Boiler 3399.00 0.70 2379.30
6 Cooling towers 2193.75 0.70 1535.63
7 Packing 1012.50 0.70 708.75
8 Canteen 1185.00 0.70 829.50
9 Toilets and 1224.00 0.70 856.80
Admn.block
45
 CO2 EMISSION FROM WASTEWATER GENERATION
FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER (2014)
SL. LOCATION WASTEWATER CARBON CARBON
NO GENERATED DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kL) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kL)

1 Plant 1 4383.75 0.70 3068.63

2 Plant 2 4145.25 0.70 2901.68
3 Plant 3 3786.00 0.70 2650.20
4 Quality Control 1105.50 0.70 773.85
5 Boiler 3495.00 0.70 2446.50
6 Cooling towers 2448.00 0.70 1713.60
7 Packing 941.25 0.70 658.88
8 Canteen 1072.50 0.70 750.75
9 Toilets and 1141.50 0.70 799.05
Admn.block
46
 CO2 EMISSION FROM WASTEWATER GENERATION
FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY (2015)
SL. LOCATION WASTEWATER CARBON CARBON
NO GENERATED DIOXIDE DIOXIDE
(kL) EMISSION EMISSION
FACTOR kg CO2
(per kL)

1 Plant 1 4511.25 0.70 3157.88

2 Plant 2 4701 0.70 3290.70
3 Plant 3 3922.50 0.70 2745.75
4 Quality Control 963.75 0.70 674.63
5 Boiler 3180 0.70 2226.00
6 Cooling towers 2269.50 0.70 1588.65
7 Packing 1068 0.70 747.60
8 Canteen 1263 0.70 884.10
9 Toilets and 1068.75 0.70 748.12
Admn.block
47
 SUMMARY OF CO2 EMISSION FROM WASTEWATER
GENERATION FOR 4 MONTHS

SL. OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY

NO
1 16692.39 15468.77 15763.14 16063.14
kg CO2 kg CO2 kg CO2 kg CO2

Total CO2 emission from wastewater generation for 4 months

= 63987.73 kg CO2

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 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CARBON
DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM WATER SUPPLY AND
WASTEWATER GENERATION
18000

16000

14000

12000

10000
Water kg CO2
8000 Wastewater kg CO2

6000

4000

2000

0
October November December January
49
 WORK TO BE DONE

 CO2 emission vehicular fuel consumption

 To identify the maximum source of CO2

emission from HLL

 Estimation of carbon sequestration by plants

 Strategies for the management of CO2 emission

50
REFERENCES
 Cefic (2011) - “Guidelines for Measuring and Managing
CO2 Emission from Freight Transport Operations”

 Department of Energy and climate change

(2011)Guidelines to Defra /DECC’s GHG conversion
factors.

 EPA simplified GHG calculator

 Guillaume Fabre (2009) Low carbon buildings-“A

method for estimating buildings GHG emissions and
emission reduction performance”.
51
 Hu Yuan, Peng Zhou, Dequn Zhou. (2011) “What is
Low-Carbon Development? A Conceptual Analysis”.
Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1706–1712.

 International Energy Agency (2012) - “CO2 emission

from fuel combustion highlights”

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THANK YOU

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