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Engine Design and Operating Parameters
Engine Design and Operating Parameters
Operating
Parameters
IMPORTANT ENGINE CHARACTERISTICS
Design Requirements
Good Engine Performance over entire operating
range
Minimum Fuel consumption within this range
Cost of fuel to be kept within limits
Low Engine noise and Pollution in this range
Low Initial cost and installation costs
Reliability and durability
maintenance requirements and how they affect
engine cost etc.
Engine Performance is defined by:
S p 2LN
Instantaneous Piston Velocity Sp:
ds
Sp
dt
Sp cos
sin 1
1/ 2
Sp 2
2
R sin
2
Typical values of Mean Piston Speed
Gas flow velocities in the intake manifold and cylinder all scale with
mean piston speed
Values vary between about 8 to 15 m/s
Automobile engines operate at the higher end of this range
Large marine engines operate at the lower end of range
Brake Torque and Power:
P 2NT
3
P(kW ) 2N (rev / s)T ( N .m) 10
Wc,i pdV
INDICATOR DIAGRAM
Gross indicated work per cycle Wc,ig : Work
delivered to the Piston Over the compression
and expansion only
Wc ,i N
Pi
nR
Mechanical Efficiency:
We have:
Pig = Pb + Pf where Pf is the friction power
Ratio of brake power to indicated power is
the mechanical efficiency:
ηm = Pb/Pig = 1 – (Pf/Pig)
For modern automobile engines at WOT
ηm is about 0.9 at 30-40rev/s decreasing to
0.75 at rated speed. It decreases as engine is
throttled
Mean Effective Pressure
Best bsfc
For SI Engines: 75µg/j = 270g/kwh
For CI Engines: 55µg/j = 200 g/kwh
Fuel Conversion Efficiency
/Thermal Efficiency/Enthalpy
Efficiency
The ratio of work produced per cycle to the
amount of fuel energy supplied per cycle
that can be released in the combustion
process
AIR/FUEL AND FUEL/AIR
RATIOS
Volumetric Efficiency:
f ma NQHV ( F / A)
P
nR
with volumetric efficiency ,
f v NVd QHV a ,i ( F / A)
P
2
replacing volume term,
f v NLAp QHV a ,i ( F / A)
P
2
with mean piston speed ,
f v S p Ap QHV a ,i ( F / A)
P
4
for torque T,
f vVd QHV a ,i ( F / A)
T
4
From relationship, we require