Acute spinal cord injury - Frankel Classification grading system

http://www.surgicalneurology.org/spine/

Complete neurological injury - no motor or sensory function

Grade A
clinically detected below the level of the injury.
Preserved sensation only - no motor function clinically detected below
the level of the injury; sensory function remains below the level of the
Grade B
injurybut may include only partial function (sacral sparing qualifies as
preserved sensation).
Preserved motor non-functional - some motor function observed
Grade C
below the level of the injury, but is of no practical use to the patient.

Preserved motor function - useful motor function below the level of the
Grade D injury; patient can move lower limbs and walk with or without aid, but
does not have a normal gait or strength in all motor groups.

Normal motor - no clinically detected abnormality in motor or sensory

Grade E function with normal sphincter function; abnormal reflexes and
subjective sensory abnormalities may be present.
Frankel Classification
• Grade A: Absent motor and sensory function
• Grade B: Absent motor function, sensation
present
• Grade C: Motor function present, but not useful (2
or 3/5), sensation present Grade
• D: Motor function present and useful (4/5),
sensation present Grade
• E: Normal motor (5/5) and sensory function
ASIA Score
• Based on key muscle strength & key sensory points
• Useful for following improvement or deterioration