CHAPTER 1

PRESENT TIME
The Simple Present Tense
Present Progressive Tense
WHAT IS GRAMMAR?
 The structure of a language
 The skeleton of a language
 The backbone of a language
 The rules of a language
 The basic principles of a language
Grammar
 The scientific study of a language
 A set of rules that tells how to speak and
write correctly.
 The rules in a language for changing the form
of words and joining them into sentences.
 The rules that governs the use of language
TENSE OR TIME?

 Tense is a grammatical term. It means time.

 Time is a conversational word.
 E.g.
 Yesterday=time
 Past=tense
Tense

 A set of verb forms that indicate when the

action happens i.e. Past, Present, Future
 OR
 Verb form that shows when the action takes
place.
 English Grammar Tenses

 Past Tense:
 Simple Past Tense
 Past Progressive Tense
 Past Perfect
 Past Perfect Progressive
 Present Tense:
 Simple Present Tense
 Present progressive Tense
 Present Perfect Tense
 Present Perfect Progressive Tense
 Future Tense:
 Simple Future Tense
 Future Progressive Tense
 Future Prefect Tense
 Future Perfect Progressive
Simple Present Tense
It expresses an action that happens:
 Repeatedly
 E.g. Khalil often visits his family.
 Regularly
 E.g. I receive bank statement from my bank every month.
 Habitually
 E.g. Ali drinks water before he goes to bed.
 Everyday
 E.g. Mohammad goes to his office everyday.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(other usages)
 General Statements of Fact
 General Facts
Examples:
I am a boy.
We are in the class.
 Universal Facts

Examples:
Allah is one.
The sun rises in the east.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(other usages)
 Headlines (meaning past)
e.g. Pre Hamid Karzai comes to Kabul.
 Game Commentary
Examples:
Laiba goes for the second run.
Sahil catches the ball.
 Future Scheduled Activities
Examples:
There is a meeting tonight.
Azan comes tomorrow.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(STRUCTURE)
SUB + Verb (s/es) + Complement
John Washes his clothes himself.
 Question:
 Does/Do + Sub + Verb + Complement?
 Does John Wash his clothes himself?
 Negative:
 Sub + don’t / doesn’t + Verb + Complement.
 John doesn’t wash his clothes himself
Final (s) or (es)
 Verbs that take s/es become singular.
 Verbs that are used for third person singular in
simple present tense take final s/es.
 Add s
 Add s with verbs having e.
 Add es with ch/sh/ss/x/z/o
 Add ies with verbs ending in y, followed by consonant, removing
y.
 Add s with verbs ending in y, followed by vowel.
Dynamic Verbs Vs Stative Verbs
 Dynamic verbs show action. They can be used in progressive
tenses.
 E.g. I am operating the computer.

 Stative verbs show state rather than action. They can not be
used in progressive tenses.
 E.g. I like my class.
* Note: Categories of Stative Verbs:
- Mental Activity.
- Possession and Being
- Attitude
- Senses
Present Progressive Tense

Shows an action or activity that is happening

right now or in a period of time.

E.g. Khalid is plowing (ploughing) the fields.

Present Continuous Tense
(Other Usages)
 An activity that is in progress in a period of
time, not at the moment.
 John is writing a book this year.
 Future Planned/ Strongly intended activities.
(Be going to)
 I am meeting the chancellor this evening.
Present Progressive Tense
structure
SUB + TO BE + V(ing) + Complement
Najib is writing his assignment.
 Question:
 To be + Sub + V (ing) + Complement?
 Is Najib writing his assignments?
 Negative:
 Sub + To be(not) + V (ing) + complement.
 Najib is not writing his assignment.