IMPLANTATION

Mr.Ganesh Elumalai
Assistant Professor, Anatomy
College of Medicine
Texila American University
 CLEAVAGE
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Immediately after fertilization
The zygote undergoes series of
rapid mitotic division, this process
is called as “Cleavage”

Function:
To reduce the size of the cell.
Increases the cell numbers.
 CLEAVAGE
 Immediately after fertilization, The Zygote
divides into 2 cells (mitosis)

 46 chromosomes in zygote , gives 46

chromosomes in both daughter cells

 2 cell into 4 cell stage (24 – 36 hours)

 4 cell into 8 cell stage (36 – 72 hours)

 16 cell stage – Morula (3 – 4 days)

CLEAVAGE

8 - Cell stage 16 - Cell stage

 MORULA

It resembles

Mulberries

Morula
Note:
Still the developing embryo is encapsulated
by Zona Pellucida
BLASTOCYST FORMATION

• Morula, once entering the uterine cavity, floats freely.

• The fluid from the uterine cavity, enters into the

Morula.

• Morula begins to accumulate the fluid and forms a

cavity within it.

• Once cavity appears, now the developing embryo is

called as Blastocyst.
BLASTOCYST FORMATION
CLEAVAGE WITHIN THE UTERINE TUBE
& UTERUS

MORULA:
72 hours post-
fertilization
entering uterus

BLASTOCYST:
3rd – 5th day
after fertilization
BLASTOCYST

Inner cell Mass

Blastocele (cavity)
Outer Cell layer

STRUCTURE OF LATE BLASTOCYST

 Blastocyst –
Two distinct cell types

Inner cell Mass

Embryoblasts

Blastocele (cavity)
Outer
Trophoblast
Cell layer

STRUCTURE OF LATE BLASTOCYST

 Blastocyst –
Two distinct cell types

1. Trophoblasts – will form the invading

placenta

2. Inner cell mass cells – will form the embryo

Note:
The Zona Pellucida starts disappear, to prepare the embryo
for implantation.
CLEAVAGE
FATE OF ZONA PELLUCIDA

Morula with
Zona Pellucida

Absence of
Zona Pellucida in
Disappearance of
Late Blastocyst
Zona Pellucida
IMPLANTATION
Implantation is the process by which the
embryo is fixed and embedded in the
endometrium of the uterus.

Age : 6th to 8th day, after fertilization

Type of Implantation : Interstitial Implantation

Site of Implantation : Upper uterine segment, Posterior

or Anterior wall
 PROCESS OF
IMPLANTATION
Zone Pellucida around the Blastocyst will
be disappear

The Trophoblast cell around the

Blastocyst
will be proliferate and differentiate in to
two layers called
1. Cyto-trophoblast (Inner)
2. Syncytio-trophoblast (Outer)
The Syncytio-trophoblast cell around
the Blastocyst will be adhere with the
endometrium of uterus
Once the Blastocyst buried into the
stroma of the endometrium of uterus,
the epithelial lining gets restored.
The site of implantation is indicated by a
slight bulge in the cavity of the uterus.
This type of implantation is called as
“INTERSTITIAL IMPLANTATION”.

The Implanted endometrium , now called

as “DECIDUA”
The Syncytio-trophoblast cell erode the
epithelium & stroma of the endometrium
of uterus and buried into it. Implanted Blastocyst induce the
“Decidual reaction” on the uterus.
DECIDUAL REACTION
The endometrium of uterus, during
implantation is in secretary phase.

The Syncytio-trophoblast of the implanted

Blastocyst starts secrets the hormone
called “hCG” – human Chorionic
Gonadatropin

Under the influence of hCG hormone , the

secretary phase in the uterus endometrium
will be intensified.

Parts of Decidua

This is called as “Decidual reaction” on the

uterus.
 ABNORMAL
IMPLANTATION

Leads to
 FERTILIZATION
TO IMPLANTATION
EVENTS AT THE END OF
FIRST WEEK

1.Changes in EMBRYOBLAST

2.Changes in TROPHOBLAST

3.Changes in ENDOMETRIUM
Thankeu…..
Cee u again…