The Evolution of Management
2000s:
1910s-1940s:
Management as Science
01
• Due to growing and more
• Focused on increasing
productivity and
efficiency- through
standardisation, division
of labour, centralisation
and hierarchy.
• A very ‘top down’
management with strict • Managers began to
control over people and
processes dominated
across industries.
Big Data
1990s: Process
Optimisation
1980s: 06
Competitive Advantage
1970s: 05
1950s-1960s: Strategic Planning • Largely driven by the
Functional 04 consulting industry
Organisations 03 • Benchmarking and under the banner of
business process
02 • With increasingly Big Data, organisations
reengineering became started to focus on
• Focus changes from competitive and
popular using technology for
measuring function to connected business
resource allocation environment, and with growth and value
complex organisations, • By mid 90s, 60% of
blooming management creation.
the 1950’s and 1960’s Fortune 500
• Tools like Strategic consultancy industry, • Oversaturation of
saw the emergence of companies claimed to
Planning (GE), Growth Competitive Advantage existing market space
functional organisations have plans for or have
Share Matrix (BCG) became a priority. drove to concepts such
and the Human already initiated such
and SWOT were used as Blue Ocean
Resource (HR) projects.
movement. to formalise strategic • Tools like TQM, Six Strategy and Value
planning processes. Sigma and Lean were Innovation.
• TQM, Six Sigma and
used to measure
Lean remained popular
understand the human • After several decades processes and improve
and a more holistic,
factor in production and of ‘best practice’ and productivity.
organisation-wide
productivity and tools ‘one size fits all’
approach and strategy
such as goal setting, solutions, academics
implementation took
performance reviews and began to developing
the stage with tools
job descriptions were contingency theories.
such as Strategy Maps
born. and Balance
Scorecards.