OSMOTIC POWER

GENERATION

Presented by
Guided By
Gadekar Mahadev Machidra Prof. Narale Sir
 CONTENTS
Introduction
Availability
Literature Review
Osmosis
Osmotic power
Principle
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)
Construction
Operation
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
 Introduction
Osmotic power is energy available from difference in salt
concentration between sea water and river water.
It is huge and unique energy source.
Renewable energy source that converts pressure differential
between water with high salinity and water with lower or no
salinity in to hydraulic pressure.
Fresh water moves by osmosis through membrane in to sea
water.
 Avaibility
The globally available power has been estimated to be
between 1.4 and 2.6TW
Mixing 1m3 of river water with 1m3 of sea water at 293K gives
1.4MJ
But mixing 1m3 of river water with ”infinite” m3 of sea water
gives 2.3MJ
Mississippi with an average discharge of 17000 m3 Mississippi
with an average discharge of 17000 m /s has a potential of 40
GW of which 9.8GW is technically possible to convert to
electricity
 Litreture Review
Dhanesh S Patil ,Amrita Gupta ,Dineshkumar U Adokar
Name : Generation of Electricity by OSMOSIS
Publisher : International Journal of Emerging Technology and
Advanced Engineering. Vol.3 issue 3
Conclusion : The need of new energy sources has led to a
number of alternatives. Some better than others. However in
the future if t he technology is further developed and the
costs will decrease, osmotic energy might be an
alternative to the energy sources.
Author : Waqas Akram ,Mostafa H Sharqawy
Name : Power Generation with Pressure retarted osmosis.
Publisher : American society of mechanical engineering 2013.
Date : November 2013
Conclusion : A one-dimensional computational model is developed for the analysis of PRO system to
investigate the potential as a power plant. The model is validated with the experimental data available in
literature. The PRO model was used to predict water flux and power density at different combinations of
draw stream and feed stream concentrations. For the given input conditions the maximum potential
power density achieved for the seawater (35 g/kg) draw stream is 2.6 W/m2 and for the disposed of the
desalination plant (70g/kg) 9.1 W/m2 . The PRO performance is sensitive to membrane properties like
water permeability coefficient and to flow conditions such as the mass transfer coefficient.
Improvement in the membranes could significantly increase the power produced by the PRO system. If
the water permeability is of order 10-8 (m/s-kPa) the power.
 What is Osmosis

Physical process in which solvent moves across semi

permeable membrane separating solutions of different
concentrations.
Osmosis is vital process in biological systems as biological
membranes are semi permeable.
 Osmotic Pressure
Minimum pressure that
should be applied to a
solution to prevent inward
flow of water across semi
permeable membrane.
Measure of tendency of
solution to take in water by
osmosis.
 Principal
Osmotic power is generated by
pressure retarded osmosis (PRO).
Technique to separate solvent
(fresh water) from a solution that is
more concentrated (sea water) and
also pressurized.
Osmotic Power
 Pressure Retrated Osmosis

It relies on water molecules moving through a semi

permeable membrane.
Semi permeable membrane allows solvent (fresh water) to
pass to the concentrated solution (sea water) side by osmosis.
This technique can be used to generate power from salinity
gradient energy resulting from the difference in salt
concentration between sea water and river water.
Output is proportional to the salinity.
 Working
In the PRO process, water with no or low salt gradient is fed into
the plant and filtered before entering the membrane modules
using the pre-treatment equipments. Membrane modules could
contain spiral wound or hollow fibre membranes. In the module,
80–90% of the water with low salt gradient is transferred by
osmosis across the membrane into the pressurised salty water.
The osmotic process increases the volumetric flow of high
pressure water and is the key energy transfer in the power
production process. This requires membranes with particularly
high water flux and excellent salt retention properties.
Construction
 Efficiecy

•
 Advantages
Steady, predictable output.
Adaptable for small or large generating stations.
Scalable or modular design (membrane modules added as
required), making it possible to increase installed capacity.
Generating sites near load centers, limiting power transmission
needs.
Good potential for power plant sites.
 Disadvatages

Technology similar and complementary to that of hydro-

electric power, with osmotic power plants able to be built on
already-harnessed rivers.
High risk of clogging and gradual degradation of semi-
permeable membranes, necessitating pressure-filtering
pretreatment of fresh water and periodic membrane re-
placement (every 5 to 7 years)
Pre-treatment of the water will be necessary depending on the
water qualities
 Conclusion
An analysis of the PRO processes for energy production from
mixing of freshwater and seawater has been performed at
realistic conditions for physical plant operation.
A freshwater utilization efficiency of 40% of the maximum
mixing energy of freshwater with sea water.
The global potential is estimated to be 1,600-1,700 TWh –
equivalent to 50% of EU’s total annual power generation
today. In Norway alone, it would be able to generate 12 TWh
per year –equivalent to around 10% of our total power
consumption. Osmotic power can become an important
contributor to the generation of clean, renewable energy.
 Refrances
Chun Feng Wana, Tai-Shung Chunga: “Osmotic power generation by pressure retarded
osmosis using seawater brine as the draw solution and wastewater retentate as the
feed”.
Z. Jia, B. Wang, S. Song, Y. Fan, Blue energy: Current technologies for sustainable power
generation from water salinity gradient, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Rev., 31
(2014) 91-100.
R. Sudharshan Kaarthik et. al.: Real-time Emulation of a Pressure Retarded Osmotic
Power Generation System.
B. E. Logan and M. Elimelech, “Membrane-based processes for sustainable power
generation using water,” Nature, vol. 488, no. 7411, pp. 313–319, Aug. 2012. [Online].
Available: _x0001_.
J. Maisonneuve, P. Pillay, and C. B. Laflamme, “Pressure-retarded osmotic power system
model considering non-ideal effects,” Renewable Energy, vol. 75, pp. 416 – 424, 2015.
[Online]. Available:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148114006363.