BASIC CONCEPTS OF GAS

TURBINE

L.P.SHARMA
NTPC-FARIDABAD
 Principle of Gas Turbine
• Works on Brayton Cycle
• It is an open cycle process
• Isentropic compression
• Constant pressure heat addition
• Isentropic expansion
Joule Brayton Cycle
Modes of combined cycle system
• Open Cycle
• Combined Cycle

• Gas Turbine Start up is possible in open

cycle only
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
Principle
 Why Gas Turbine
• Rapid start up
• Low start up power requirement
• Better efficiency in combined cycle mode
• Environment friendly

• Involves high maintenance cost

• due to high operating temperature
• complicated blade design
 Flexiblities
• Base load operation
• Peak load operation
• Open cycle operation
• Combined Cycle operation
• Operates on Naptha, Hsd or Gas
 Sub Systems of Gas Turbine
• Air Intake System
• Inlet Guide Vanes
• Lube Oil System
• Start Up Frequency Converter
• Gas Fuel System
• Liquid Fuel System
• Ignition Gas system
• Hydraulic oil system
• Combustion system
• Burners and flame monitoring
• De Nox system
• Gas evacuation system
• Gas detection system
• Blow off system
• Aux power supply system
• Generator and its Cooling system
 Pre Start Checks
• Load Demand
• Fuel Availability
• Lube oil system readiness
• Fuel system readiness
• Ignition system
• Generator cooling system
• SFC & Excitation system
• All Protections & Interlocks Healthy
 Activities during start Up
• GT is on Turning
• SFC on
• At 480 rpm ignition on
• At 900 rpm flame on
• Accelerates at predetermined rate
• At 1800 rpm acceleration rate changes to 2 nd gradient
• At 2100 rpm SFC OFF
• Speed up to 3000 rpm
 IGV Control
• Load set point reduced
• Decreases fuel
• Exhaust temp gets reduced
• IGV gets close command
• Air Flow gets reduced
• Exhaust temp again reaches set value
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 Ignition Gas System
• To Supply the Ignition gas to the burners to
produce a flame for ignition of primary Fuel

• Sources:
• LPG gas cylinders for liquid start up
• Fuel gas for Gas Start up
 Compressor Washing
• To remove the Deposits on the compressor blades
formed by dust and other impurities
• If out put decreases by 1.5 %
• Needs Washing
• After washing original efficiency is achieved
• Repetitive operation required
• OFF Line or ON Line
• Preparation – Soaking- Rinsing - Drying
 Hydraulic Oil system
• Generation of High Pressure Control fluid flow to
operate Valve Actuators
• Transforming the electrical input signal from
Turbine Control to hydraulic control
• Amplifying the HCS and transforming to cf
• Adjusting the fuel supply control vv as req.
• Collecting & Returning the leakage & return fluid
• Continuous cooling & Filtrations of fluid
 Air Intake System
• Protection against contamination and dirt
particle penetration from outside
• To guarantee high performance
• Low maintenance cost
• High availability of power
• To reduce sound level
 Lube oil system
• Provide lubrication to all bearings
• Cooling of bearings
• Lifting of rotor
• Turning of rotor during stopped condition
 Fuel Gas System
• Supply of fuel gas to burners
• Control the amount of gas for startup,load
operation and shut down
• To keep the exhaust gas pollution low
• To burn the fuel gas in diffusion mode
• To burn the fuel gas in premix mode
• To burn the fuel gas in duel mode
• To stop the gas in case of turbine trip
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 Fuel Oil System
• Increased the fuel oil pressure to the value
required by the burners
• To supply the burners with fuel oil
• To control the amount of fuel oil
• Start up /shut down
• load operation & dual fuel operation
• To return the not used fuel to the tanks
• To stop the fuel oil flow if turbine trip
 Emergencies in cc plant
• Tripping of units
• Ensuring of lube oil
• Turning of shaft
• Black out
• Ensuring dc lighting
• Running of dc pumps
• Gas leakage
 Emergencies in cc plant
• Naptha / Hsd leakage
• Steam leakage
• Fire
• Protection system not working
Start up Frequency converter(SFC)
• Gas turbine can be started from standstill or
Turning gear speed
• The load torque of the Gas turbine increases
with square function of speed.
• At ignition speed GT starts driving the shaft
• At 50 % speed drive torque equals load
torque
• Due to critical speeds acceleration is
required
• At 70 % speed self sustainable
 SFC
• To speed up turbine to 70 %
speed for startup
• To run turbine for compressor
washing
• To run in boiler purge mode