VALVES

Types, functions and applications

A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow
of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various
passageways
 Types of Valve

Ball valve Gate valve Plug valve

Butterfly Globe Pinch

valve valve valve

Disc check Control

valve valve
Operations of valve
• ON-OFF
• THROTTLING (REGULATING)
• BACK FLOW PREVENTION
• PRESSURE CONTORL
REYNOLDS NUMBER
Determination of flow type
𝑸 𝑸
𝑽= =
𝑨 𝝅𝒓𝟐
Table of calculations
Volume (L) Time(s) Flow rate (m3/s) V (m/s) Re Flow type
VENTURI METER
Determination of exact sections in venture tube
Exact Section (Area)
𝑄 𝑄
𝑉1 = =𝜋
𝐴1 𝐷12
4
D1 = Pipe ID
Steady flow: Q= constant

Equation (A):

To calculate V3 put V2 in place of V1 in equation (A). Use the same

method for all remaining velocities.
Table of calculations
Point Pressure Pressure Velocity Area (cm2) Diameter
(in H2O) (Pa) (cm/s) (cm)
1 Pipe ID
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Data Plot

1.2

0.8
Velocity

Pressure
0.6

0.4

0.2

0
Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4 Point 5 Point 6 Point 7 Point 8 Point 9 Point 10 Point 11

Diameter
DETERMINATION OF FRICTION LOSSES IN
DEIFFERENT PIPES
Friction factor (f):
For laminar flow:

For turbulent flow:

Relative roughness: D/𝜀

Note: Value of NR should not be in transition range i.e. between 2000
to 4000
Head loss due to friction:
Pipe material Flow rate Reynolds no. Friction Theoretical ∆P (Pa) Actual head
(m3/s) factor Head loss (m) loss (m)
PVC
Mild steel
Galvanized
steel
Rubber