INTERNAL GUIDE Presented by

V.KALYANI B.BABY
 Abstract
 Introdution
 Importance of WAP
 Infrastructure of WAP
 Wireless session protocol
 Beneficants from WAP
 Advantages of wap
 Disadvantages of WAP
 Limitations of using WAP
 Applications of WAP
 Conclusion
 WAP bridges the gap between the wireless mobile world and
the internet. The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) , is a
collection of protocols and transport layers which allow
mobile and portable communication devices such as mobile
phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA’s), to receive
information over the airwaves such as personal computers
users obtain information over the internet. . WAP is simply a
protocol- a standardized way that a mobile phone talks to a
server installed in the mobile phone network.
 move around from page to page in a very simple way WAP is a hot
topic that has been widely hyped in the mobile industry and outside
of it.

 It has become imperative for all Information Technology companies

in Nordic countries and beyond to have a WAP division.

 Many advertising agencies and "dotcoms" have announced WAP

services.
 It provides a standardized way of linking the Internet to mobile
phones, there by linking two of the hottest industries anywhere.
 Its founder members include the major wireless vendors of
Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola, plus a newcomer Phone.com.
 Compared to the wired networks there are many constraints in
this wireless world.

 * Less band width

 * More latency
 * Less connection stability
 * Less predictable availability
The Internet World-Wide Web (WWW) architecture provides a very
flexible and powerful programming model. Applications and content
are presented in standard data formats, and are browsed by
application known as web browsers (Figure 1). The web browser
sends requests for named data objects to a web server and the server
responds with the data encoded using the standard formats.
Wap has a layered architecture as shown in the diagram below:

Wireless Application Environment (WAE)

Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)

Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)

Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)

Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)

Bearers eg: Data, SMS, USSD

 The Wireless Session Protocol provides the Wireless Application
Environment a consistent interface with two services:

 connection-oriented service to operate above the Transaction Layer

Protocol (WTP).

 And a connectionless service that operates above either secure or

non-secure datagram service (WDP)

 There are four types
 Operaters
 Industry
 End user
 Future direction
END USER

 Mobile phones have become dominant tools in communications and

at the same time the internet has become a de facto platform for
information.
OPERATORS:

 The operators can differentiate by launching special services,

for example for banking stock trading, directory services etc.

 This customization can be made over the air.

 INDUSTRY:

 This is one of the first and important step in the evolution of

wireless data/messaging services which will increase the
usage of data in wireless networks.
Future directions:

 The WAP services that are offered today seem to be complex to

survive.

 The future of wireless telephony, 4G or 3G will be making use of

the packet switching network such as GPRS
1. Advantages of wap

i. Implementation near to Internet model.

ii. Most modern mobile telephone devices support WAP.

iii. Real-Time send/receive data.

iv. Multiplatform functionality (little change is needed to run on any

website since XMI is used).

v. No hardware obsolescence.
2. Disadvantages of WAP

i. Low speeds, security and very small user interface.

ii. Not very familiar to users.

iii. Business model is expensive.

iv. Forms are hard to design.

v. Third party is included.

The WAP browser needs to parse the CSS in addition to XHTML MP

document.
 The most visible of these limitations include the following:

 i. Low bandwidth (usually 9.6 kbps)

 ii. High network latency

 iii. Small, mostly monochrome displays

 iv. Numeric keypads

 v. Slow processers

 vi. Limited memory

 Applications of WAP
i. The first and foremost application is accessing the Internet
from mobile devices
ii. Games can be played from mobile devices over wireless
devices
iii. Mobile hand-sets can be used to access time sheets and fill.
expenses claims.
iv. Online banking via mobile phones will be very popular if
implemented in secure way.
 WAP is designed in a layered fashion, so that it can be extensible,
flexible, and scalable. As a result, the WAP protocol stack is divided
into five layers −

Layers of WAP Protocol

Application Layer
Session Layer
Security Layer
Transaction Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Wireless session Protocol (WSP). Unlike HTTP, WSP has been designed
by the WAP Forum to provide fast connection suspension and
reconnection.

Transaction Layer
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP). The WTP runs on top of a
datagram service, such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and is part of
the standard suite of TCP/IP protocols used to provide a simplified
protocol suitable for low bandwidth wireless stations
Security Layer
 Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
 It includes data integrity checks, privacy, service denial, and
authentication services.

Transport Layer

 Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP).

 The WDP allows WAP to be bearer-independent by adapting the
transport layer of the underlying bearer.
The WAP protocol architecture is shown below alongside a typical Internet
Protocol stack.
 The WAP technology has a structured architecture designed and
is based on the standards of the original WWW model.
 Since the technology has been developed by the WAP Forum, it
has become a technology with an architecture that is scalable,
interoperable, efficient, reliable and secure.