Hira Batool

100021
Bs RS & GIS 5th
GCUF Presented to
Ma’am Maryam Khalid
What will we discuss?

 Definition
 History
 Theories
 Conclusion
the study or
profession dealing
with the growth
and functioning of
cities and towns,
including
environmental
concerns, zoning,
the infrastructure,
etc.
The first recorded
description of urban
planning is described
in the Epic of
Gilgamesh, Designed
cities were
characteristics of the
Minoan,
Mesopotamian,
Harrapan and
Egyptian civilization of
the third millennium
BC

 Communicative
 Synoptic
 Advocacy
 Bargaining
 Mental (‫)عاقل‬
 Location theory, redevelopment
 Edward Banfield (American political
scientist) was first in 1955
 Many others(Stuart1969, Lichfield 1975,
Hudson 1979)
 AHP by Thomas L. Saaty in the
1970s provides a comprehensive and
rational framework
 Widely applied model due to
simplicity and apparent logic
 Applicable everywhere around world
 Cyclic nature

 Definition of the
problems and/or
goals;
 Identification of
alternative
plans/policies;
 Evaluation of
alternative
plans/policies;
 Implementation of
plans/policies;
 Monitoring of effects
of plans/policies.
 (unambiguous)
 (can identify all relevant
criteria and viable alternatives)
 (criteria and
alternatives can be ranked and weighted)
 (Specific
decision criteria are constant and that the
weights assigned to them are stable over
time.)


 (requires a great deal of time)

(requires great deal of information
assumes rational, measurable criteria are available
and agreed upon)
 (assumes
accurate, stable and complete knowledge of all the
alternatives, preferences, goals and
consequences)
 In planning and designing neighborhoods, cities, and
regions
 central in the development of modern urban planning and
transportation planning





 Advocate planners argued that what was
portrayed as the ‘Public interest’?
 Neglects the interests of both the poor and
nature
 Argue that due to limited time and resources
available for making a decision and exploring
all alternative options it is practically
impossible to be thoroughly comprehensive
(Taylor 1998; Campbell and Fainstein 2003).
 What makes the model
Successful?

 Ration planning model is considered to be most

practical and applicable for the needs of the planning
process.
 Its based on the scientific reasoning which takes into
account the use of modern technology and increased
data collection.
 The data collected helps in establishing the rational
and thus helps in making a claim.
 Another characteristic is the preparation of alternative
and then choosing best among the alternatives.
 Moreover as the process completes the last step for the
first time addressed the problem of rigidity.
 Despite the criticism leveled against rational
comprehensive approach to planning, the
approach has taken root in most countries as
the paradigm of choice and is the most utilized
approach in decision –making. For it has the
goal of maximizing efficiency by picking the
best alternative based on specific criteria and
also provides a structured way to address a
problem and arrive at a solution.
 However in order to realize total success it is
important to incorporate political interactions
and public participation in the planning and
decision-making process
References
 Taylor, Nigel (1998). Urban Planning Theory since 1945.
London: Sage Publications. pp. 67–68.
 Robbins, Stephen P.; Timothy A. Judge (2007). Organizational
Behavior (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson
Prentice Hall. pp. 156–8. ISBN 978-0132431569.
 Brooks, Michael P. (2002). Planning Theory for Practitioners.
Chicago: American Planning Association. pp. 175–6.
 Simon, Herbert (1976). Administrative Behavior (3rd ed.). New
York: The Free Press. ISBN 0-684-83582-7.
 Drake, H.A., ed. (2002). Constantine and the Bishops: The
Politics of Intolerance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press.
 Thomas, Ian, ed. (2007). Environmental Policy: Australian
Practice in the Context of Theory. Sydney: Federation Press.
ISBN 1-86287-603-7.