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Accident Causation, Theories and Concepts
Accident Causation, Theories and Concepts
CAUSATION,
THEORIES AND
CONCEPTS
• Domino Theory
• Human Factors Theory
• Accident / Incident Theory
• Epidemiological Theory
• Systems Theory
Theories of Accident
Causation
Domino Theory
Herbert Heinrich - as a
pioneering
occupational safety
researcher, whose 1931
publication Industrial
Accident Prevention: A
Scientific
Approach [Heinrich,
1931]
• Engineering – Control hazards through product
design or process change
• Education – Train workers regarding all facets
of safety – Impose on management that attention
to safety pays off
• Enforcement – Insure that internal and external
rules, regulations, and standard operating
procedures are followed by workers as well as
management.
ACCIDENT/INCIDENT
THEORY
–This field studies relationship
between environmental factors
and disease
- Current trend includes a
broader perspective of
industrial hygiene issues.
–Industrial Hygiene concerns
environmental issues that can
lead to sickness, disease,
impaired health.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL THEORY
Two key components:
1 Predisposition characteristics
• tendencies may predispose worker to
certain actions
2 Situational characteristics
• peer pressure, poor attitude, risk taking
• Accident arise from
interactions among human,
machines and the environment
-System is a group of interacting
and interrelated components that
form a unified whole.
Host (People) Agent
(Machinery) Environment
SYSTEM THEORY
BEHAVIORAL THEORY
• Self-efficacy — A judgment of one’s ability to
perform the behavior.
• Outcome Expectations — A judgment of the
likely consequences a behavior will produce. The
importance of these expectations (i.e.,
expectancies) may also drive behavior.
• Self-Control — The ability of an individual to
control their behaviors.
• Reinforcements — Something that increases or
decreases the likelihood a behavior will continue.
• Emotional Coping — The ability of an
individual to cope with emotional stimuli.
•Observational Learning — The
acquisition of behaviors by observing
actions and outcomes of others’ behavior.
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